Table 2.

Association of quartiles of baseline serum insulin, glucose, molar ratio of insulin to glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with lung cancer risk: Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

	Case subjects (n=196)	Subcohort subjects (n=395)	HR (95% CI)†	HR (95% CI)‡	HR (95% CI)§
Insulin, μU/mL
≤2.70	66	100	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
>2.70 to ≤4.10	50	99	0.89 (0.55, 1.43)	0.99 (0.61, 1.61)	0.99 (0.59, 1.67)
>4.10 to ≤6.10	32	101	0.50 (0.30, 0.84)	0.71 (0.41, 1.24)	0.80 (0.44, 1.45)
>6.10	48	95	0.91 (0.56, 1.47)	1.87 (1.04, 3.36)	2.10 (1.12, 3.94)
p-trend			0.06	0.01	0.02
Glucose, mg/dL
≤92	68	99	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
>92 to ≤98	49	99	0.83 (0.52, 1.33)	0.87 (0.55, 1.39)	0.77 (0.46, 1.28)
>98 to ≤107	48	100	0.76 (0.47, 1.25)	0.86 (0.52, 1.43)	0.86 (0.50, 1.50)
>107	31	97	0.52 (0.31, 0.88)	0.65 (0.37, 1.13)	0.68 (0.38, 1.20)
p-trend			0.10	0.50	0.55
Molar ratio of insulin to glucose
≤0.03	60	98	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
>0.03 to ≤0.04	50	100	0.89 (0.55, 1.44)	0.98 (0.61, 1.60)	0.92 (0.55, 1.55)
>0.04 to ≤0.06	46	98	0.72 (0.43, 1.18)	0.96 (0.57, 1.62)	1.05 (0.60, 1.83)
>0.06	40	99	0.81 (0.49, 1.32)	1.43 (0.81, 2.52)	1.66 (0.89, 3.06)
p-trend			0.59	0.48	0.27
HOMA-IR
≤0.67	60	98	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
>0.67 to ≤1.02	50	100	0.91 (0.56, 1.46)	0.99 (0.61, 1.61)	0.94 (0.56, 1.58)
>1.02 to ≤1.53	46	98	0.51 (0.30, 0.87)	0.71 (0.41, 1.25)	0.78 (0.43, 1.44)
>1.53	40	99	0.86 (0.53, 1.39)	1.62 (0.92, 2.88)	1.83 (0.99, 3.38)
p-trend			0.08	0.04	0.06

^†Age-adjusted model

^‡Age and BMI-adjusted model

^§Model adjusted for age, BMI, family history of lung cancer, and pack years of smoking