Table 2.
Associations between parental smoking and offspring depression.
| N | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | Partially adjusted OR (95% CI)1 | P-value | Fully adjusted OR (95% CI)2 | P-value | Mutually adjusted OR (95% CI)3 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALSPAC | |||||||||
| Maternal smoking | 2,869 | 1.72 (1.21, 2.46) | 0.003 | 1.71 (1.20, 2.45) | 0.001 | 1.39 (0.94, 2.06) | 0.10 | 1.55 (1.02, 2.35) | 0.04 |
| Partner smoking | 2,869 | 1.03 (0.75, 1.41) | 0.87 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | 0.94 | 0.84 (0.60, 1.17) | 0.29 | 0.75 (0.53, 1.07) | 0.11 |
| HUNT | |||||||||
| Maternal smoking | 15,493 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.71 | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) | 0.002 | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 0.19 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 0.27 |
| Paternal smoking | 15,493 | 1.31 (1.15, 1.48) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) | 0.005 | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | 0.25 | 1.06 (0.93, 1.22) | 0.38 |
| Pelotas 1982 | |||||||||
| Maternal smoking | 2,626 | 1.50 (1.13, 2.02) | 0.006 | 1.52 (1.13, 2.04) | 0.005 | 1.35 (1.00, 1.82) | 0.05 | 1.36 (1,01, 1.85) | 0.05 |
| Partner smoking | 2,626 | 1.16 (0.86, 1.56) | 0.32 | 1.24 (0.92, 1.67) | 0.16 | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) | 0.45 | 1.07 (0.78, 1.45) | 0.68 |
1Adjusted for offspring age and sex.
2Adjusted for all covariates. ALSPAC: maternal age, partner social class, maternal education, maternal and paternal antenatal depression and anxiety, parity, housing tenure, crowding. HUNT: maternal age, partner occupation, maternal education, maternal and paternal depression and anxiety at survey, parity, wave of HUNT participation, number of HUNT participations. Pelotas 1982: maternal age, social class, maternal education, household income, assets index, crowding.
3Adjusted for all covariates and the other parent’s smoking.