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. 2017 Oct 3;7:12628. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13051-6

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Metabolic hormones, cytokines and adhesion molecules modulate LpPLA2 levels in Hofbauer cells. (a) Effect of Insulin on LpPLA2 protein and activity in HBCs. (b) Effect of Leptin on LpPLA2 protein and activity in HBCs. (c) Effect of TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) on LpPLA2 protein and activity in HBCs. (d) Effect of ICAM-1 (intra-cellular adhesion molecule 1; dashed line) and VCAM-1 (vascular adhesion molecule 1; solid line) on LpPLA2 protein and activity in HBCs. (e) Effect of IL-4 (interleukin 4; dashed line) and IL-13 (interleukin 13; solid line) on LpPLA2 protein and activity in HBCs. For each stimulus, at least four independent experiments were performed. Due to inter-individual variability of LpPLA2 levels secreted, the unexposed control was used as baseline level and effects on LpPLA2 activity where expressed relative to this control. p-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA.