Table 1.
Imaging and clinical characteristics of SLE and healthy subjects.
| SLE | control | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 130 | n = 40 | ||
| Characteristics | |||
| Age (ave. ± SD) | 36.1 ± 12.0 | 35.0 ± 10.9 | 0.781 |
| Smoking, % | 15 (12) | 2 (5) | 0.259 |
| Obesity, % | 11 (8) | 0 (0) | — |
| Duration (month ± SD) | 46.9 ± 115.5 | — | — |
| Imaging | |||
| Atrophy, % | 32 (25) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| WML, % | 46 (35) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
| High CS-EPVS (>20), % | 75 (58) | 4 (10) | <0.001 |
| High BG-EPVS (>20), % | 23 (18) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Pulse steroid therapy, % | 28 (22) | — | — |
| Average PSL dose (mg ± SD) | 5.8 ± 9.1 | — | — |
| Medical comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, % | 32 (25) | 3 (8) | 0.039 |
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 12 (9) | 1 (3) | 0.158 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 9 (7) | 1 (3) | 0.390 |
| Acivity index (ave. ± SD) | |||
| SLEDAI score | 11.8 ± 7.6 | — | — |
| BILAG index score | 13.6 ± 9.0 | — | — |
| nBILAG index score | 1.29 ± 2.8 | — | — |
| Blood examinations (ave. ± SD) | |||
| WBC (103/μL) | 5.2 ± 9.1 | — | — |
| PLT (103/μL) | 209.8 ± 87.6 | — | — |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 47.4 ± 33.4 | — | — |
| CH50 (U/ml) | 33.1 ± 17.1 | — | — |
| Anti-dsDNA antibody (IU/ml) | 54.9 ± 82.0 | — | — |
Abbreviations: WML = white matter lesion; CS = centrum semiovale; EPVS = enlarged perivascular spaces; BG = basal ganglia; PSL = prednisolone; SLEDAI = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; BILAG = British Isles Lupus Assessment Group; nBILAG = neuro British Isles Lupus Assessment Group; WBC = white blood cell; PLT = platelet; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CH50 = 50% hemolytic unit of complement; anti-dsDNA antibodie = anti-double stranded DNA antibody.