Table 3.
The univariate and multivariate logistic analyses for activity index (SLEDAI, BILAG index, and nBILAG).
| SLEDAI | BILAG | nBILAG | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| univariate analysis | multivariate analysis | univariate analysis | multivariate analysis | univariate analysis | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.473 | — | — | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.414 | — | — | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.039 |
| Smoking | 0.67 (0.23–1.98) | 0.472 | — | — | 2.19 (0.47–10.30) | 0.320 | — | — | 1.08 (0.32–3.65) | 0.903 |
| Obesity | 0.43 (0.12–1.54) | 0.195 | — | — | 0.34 (0.09–1.19) | 0.090 | 0.33 (0.08–1.47) | 0.146 | 0.63 (0.13–3.08) | 0.569 |
| Duration | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.124 | — | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.488 | — | — | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.716 |
| Imaging | ||||||||||
| Atrophy | 1.09 (0.64–1.84) | 0.750 | — | — | 1.79 (0.70–4.58) | 0.223 | — | — | 1.91 (0.84–4.34) | 0.122 |
| WML | 1.41 (0.68–2.94) | 0.353 | — | — | 1.46 (0.61–3.50) | 0.398 | — | — | 0.89 (0.39–2.04) | 0.775 |
| High CS-EPVS (>20) | 6.15 (2.85–13.20) | <0.001 | 5.77 (2.21–15.00) | <0.001 | 4.01 (1.70–9.49) | 0.001 | 2.64 (1.03–6.74) | 0.042 | 1.39 (0.62–3.15) | 0.425 |
| High BG-EPVS (>20) | 1.31 (0.52–3.30) | 0.560 | — | — | 1.60 (0.50–5.13) | 0.426 | — | — | 0.78 (0.27–2.31) | 0.658 |
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Pulse steroid therapy | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) | 0.284 | — | — | 0.92 (0.35–2.44) | 0.872 | — | — | 0.97 (0.37–2.56) | 0.958 |
| Average PSL dose | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.778 | — | — | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 0.807 | — | — | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 0.834 |
| Medical comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 2.56 (1.07–6.08) | 0.034 | 4.47 (1.51–13.20) | 0.006 | 2.66 (0.85–8.30) | 0.092 | 3.26 (0.87–12.20) | 0.080 | 0.34 (0.11–1.06) | 0.062 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.69 (0.48–5.91) | 0.413 | — | — | 0.93 (0.24–3.69) | 0.922 | — | — | 0.98 (0.25–3.85) | 0.974 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.67 (0.40–6.97) | 0.484 | — | — | 2.64 (0.32–22.00) | 0.370 | — | — | 0.83 (0.16–4.21) | 0.821 |
| Blood examinations | ||||||||||
| WBC | 0.93 (0.82–1.07) | 0.328 | — | — | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.494 | — | — | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.594 |
| PLT | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.241 | — | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.191 | — | — | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.831 |
| ESR | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.047 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.004 | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.086 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.186 |
| CH50 | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.269 | — | — | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.487 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibody | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.006 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.068 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.014 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.127 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.853 |
Abbreviations: SLEDAI = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; BILAG = British Isles Lupus Assessment Group; nBILAG = neuro British Isles Lupus Assessment Group; WML = white matter lesion; CS = centrum semiovale; EPVS = enlarged perivascular spaces; BG = basal ganglia; PSL = prednisolone; WBC = white blood cell; PLT = platelet; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CH50 = 50% hemolytic unit of complement; anti-dsDNA antibodie = anti-double stranded DNA antibody.