Table 3.
Biometric and plasma parameters in 90-day-old male offspring of rats supplemented with GSPE or vehicle during lactation.
| STD-veh | STD-GSPE | CAF-veh | CAF-GSPE | Two-way ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biometric parameters | |||||
| Initial body weight (g) | 40 ± 2 | 41 ± 1 | 41 ± 1 | 42 ± 1 | — |
| Final body weight (g) | 373 ± 9 | 375 ± 8 | 446 ± 12 | 431 ± 13 | D |
| Body weight gain (g) | 333 ± 8 | 334 ± 7 | 405 ± 12 | 389 ± 12 | D |
| Liver (g) | 12.0 ± 0.4 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 0.5 | 13.8 ± 0.5 | D |
| RWAT (g) | 6.47 ± 0.45 | 8.33 ± 0.84 | 18.6 ± 1.7 | 17.7 ± 1.0 | D |
| MWAT (g) | 4.28 ± 0.27 | 5.00 ± 0.40 | 8.46 ± 0.57 | 9.03 ± 0.67 | D |
| EWAT (g) | 5.67 ± 0.48 | 7.29 ± 0.60 | 14.9 ± 1.3 | 15.2 ± 1.3 | D |
| IWAT (g) | 11.9 ± 1.0 | 13.0 ± 1.1 | 29.3 ± 3.0 | 28.00 ± 2.6 | D |
| Adiposity index (%) | 7.75 ± 0.54 | 9.02 ± 0.66 | 16.1 ± 1.0 | 16.3 ± 0.9 | D |
| Gastrocnemius muscle (g) | 1.74 ± 0.05 | 1.78 ± 0.06 | 1.86 ± 0.02 | 1.81 ± 0.04 | — |
| Soleus muscle (g) | 0.147 ± 0.006 | 0.147 ± 0.006 | 0.142 ± 0.04 | 0.143 ± 0.04 | — |
| Lean mass (g) | 322 ± 9 | 319 ± 8 | 332 ± 5 | 321 ± 8 | — |
| Lean mass (%) | 86.2 ± 0.8 | 85.0 ± 1.1 | 74.8 ± 1.4 | 74.6 ± 1.3 | D |
| Fat mass (g) | 32.0 ± 2.7 | 36.9 ± 4.2 | 93.1 ± 8.4 | 92.1 ± 7.1 | D |
| Fat mass (%) | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 9.8 ± 1.1 | 20.5 ± 1.4 | 21.1 ± 1.3 | D |
| Plasma parameters | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.65 ± 0.11 | 1.90 ± 0.13 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | 2.21 ± 0.09 | D |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.75 ± 0.32 | 1.27 ± 0.18 | 3.67 ± 0.39 | 3.93 ± 0.22 | D |
| NEFAs (mmol/L) | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | D |
| Phospholipids (mmol/L) | 1.77 ± 0.09 | 1.90 ± 0.04 | 2.38 ± 0.12 | 2.60 ± 0.09 | D |
| MCP-1 (ng/mL) | 8.64 ± 0.37 | 8.92 ± 0.37 | 12.0 ± 0.4 | 11.1 ± 0.8 | D |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 9.33 ± 0.63 | 9.49 ± 0.87 | 39.6 ± 3.6 | 41.8 ± 2.8 | D |
Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 10–13). Two-way ANOVA analysis (2 × 2 factorial designs: diet (STD or CAF) × metabolic programming effect (vehicle or GSPE) was used to evaluate differences in these parameters. D: effect of the type of diet, (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). MWAT, mesenteric white adipose tissue.