Table 3.

Effects of the inhibition of different rumen microbial groups and of the supplementation of different oilseeds on pH, ammonia concentration and organic matter degradation.

Traits/oilseeds	Treatment					SEM	P-values
	Intact rumen fluid	–Archaea	–Fungi	–Protozoa	Only bacteria		Treatment	Oilseed	Interaction
pH						0.006	<0.001	<0.001	0.011
Control	6.86x	6.80y	6.83ay	6.91aw	6.91aw		<0.001
Safflower	6.86w	6.80x	6.79bx	6.86bw	6.87bw		<0.001
Poppy	6.85wx	6.81y	6.82abxy	6.86bw	6.86bcw		<0.001
Camelina	6.83wx	6.79y	6.81abxy	6.84bw	6.84cwx		<0.001
Mean	6.85w	6.80x	6.81x	6.87w	6.87w		<0.001
P-values	0.14	0.22	0.046	<0.001	<0.001
Ammonia (mmol L−1)						0.19	<0.001	<0.001	0.019
Control	13.5bw	12.3bx	12.4bx	12.2bx	12.0(b)x		0.007
Safflower	15.4aw	13.9axy	14.3awx	13.0abyz	12.4(ab)z		<0.001
Poppy	13.4bw	12.9bwx	12.8bwx	12.4abwx	12.3(ab)x		0.027
Camelina	15.5aw	14.6awx	14.3ax	13.2ay	13.0(a)y		<0.001
Mean	14.5w	13.4x	13.4x	12.7xy	12.4y		<0.001
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.020	0.050
Organic matter digested (mg)						1.68	<0.001	<0.001	0.69
Control	131cw	133bw	115bx	98by	95cy		<0.001
Safflower	145bw	148aw	129ax	111ay	108aby		<0.001
Poppy	144bw	146aw	131ax	109ay	107by		<0.001
Camelina	152aw	150aw	134ax	112ay	112ay		<0.001
Mean	143w	144w	127x	108y	106y		<0.001
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
In vitro organic matter digestibility (g kg−1)						7.6	<0.001	<0.001	0.50
Control	707aw	715aw	621x	529ay	513(a)y		<0.001
Safflower	660cw	672bw	586x	505bcy	491(b)y		<0.001
Poppy	676bcw	686bw	618x	516aby	505(ab)y		<0.001
Camelina	682bw	673bw	600x	502cy	503(ab)y		<0.001
Mean	681w	687w	606x	513y	503y		<0.001
P-values	<0.001	<0.001	0.10	<0.001	0.080

^a–cWithin a column, means without a common superscript differ, P < 0.05; superscripts in brackets indicate a trend of a difference among means, P < 0.10.

^w–zWithin a row, means without a common superscript differ, P < 0.05.

SEM, the overall standard error of the mean.