Table 3.
Comparison of neuropsychological testing between detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and controls.
| DAD (n = 29) |
Controls (n = 29) |
t(56)/U |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-Value | Adjusted p-value | |
| MMSE | 29.03 ± 2.01 | 29.31 ± 1.11 | 0.822 | 0.797 |
| ROCF | ||||
| Copy | 33.17 ± 2.69 | 35.76 ± 0.69 | <0.00001 | <0.00001 |
| Recall copy | 14.62 ± 6.81 | 23.62 ± 6.28 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| FCSRT | ||||
| Immediate cued recall | 15.28 ± 1.07 | 14.59 ± 1.62 | 0.076 | 0.059 |
| Free recall | 28.83 ± 7.22 | 38.07 ± 5.37 | <0.00001 | <0.00001 |
| Total recall | 44.66 ± 3.15 | 47.07 ± 1.69 | <0.0003 | 0.0002 |
| Free delayed recall | 11.93 ± 2.59 | 14.59 ± 1.57 | <0.00001 | <0.0001 |
| Total delayed recall | 15.65 ± 0.67 | 15.79 ± 0.77 | 0.283 | 0.115 |
| Recognition | 15.89 ± 0.56 | 15.90 ± 0.41 | 0.840 | 0.598 |
| WAIS III | ||||
| Information | 8.31 ± 3.63 | 11.76 ± 3.43 | 0.0017 | 0.0016 |
| WAIS III | ||||
| Digit span total | 9.3 ± 3.00 | 11.31 ± 2.66 | 0.0105 | 0.0098 |
| Digit span forward | 6.03 ± 1.59 | 6.62 ± 1.05 | 0.0886 | 0.0803 |
| Digit span backward | 4.10 ± 1.47 | 5.31 ± 1.17 | 0.0026 | 0.0019 |
| Letter-number sequencing | 8.31 ± 3.78 | 11.28 ± 2.93 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| WMS-III | ||||
| Spatial span | 7.00 ± 3.41 | 11.21 ± 2.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| TMT-A (s) | 40.80 ± 11.90 | 33.00 ± 11.90 | 0.0092 | 0.0092 |
| TMT-B (s) | 125.40 ± 66.80 | 82.60 ± 41.30 | 0.0041 | 0.0041 |
| WCST | ||||
| Categories completed | 5.07 ± 1.79 | 5.93 ± 0.37 | 0.009 | 0.035 |
| Number of errors | 27.40 ± 32.04 | 18.00 ± 12.12 | 0.2985 | 0.2982 |
| Number of perseverative errors | 20.27 ± 26.20 | 11.07 ± 9.34 | 0.0751 | 0.0747 |
| Stroop test | ||||
| Word reading | 42.69 ± 9.68 | 46.45 ± 6.17 | 0.084 | 0.140 |
| Color naming | 43.10 ± 11.60 | 48.31 ± 9.20 | 0.063 | 0.125 |
| Color word reading | 44.40 ± 11.30 | 49.00 ± 9.77 | 0.104 | 0.160 |
| Interference | 49.34 ± 8.44 | 53.10 ± 11.10 | 0.158 | 0.573 |
| Verbal fluency | ||||
| Category | 25.41 ± 5.59 | 25.52 ± 6.06 | 0.946 | 0.818 |
| Letter fluency P | 18.90 ± 5.52 | 21.76 ± 5.46 | 0.052 | 0.111 |
| Letter fluency R | 17.28 ± 5.65 | 18.55 ± 4.84 | 0.614 | 0.582 |
MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding test; ROCF, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale Third Edition; WAIS III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Third Revision; DAD, detoxified alcohol-dependent.
p Values for between-group comparisons with Mann–Whitney U tests. Adjusted p-value: p-value for the group effect, adjusted for the years of education. Bold p-values indicate a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).