Table 1.
Covariates used for the model building.
| Category | Variable | Source | Spatial scale | Data collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetation | NDVI | Terra-MODIS 8-day composite data (2010–2013) | Village | Extracted mean value from surrounding 5 km circular buffer |
| Water | NDWI | Terra-MODIS 8-day composite data (2010–2013) | Village | Extracted mean value from surrounding 1 km circular buffer |
| Topography | TWI | Digital elevation model at 30 m resolution from ASTER GDEM database (46) | Village | Extracted mean value from surrounding 5 km circular buffer |
| Temperature | Plasmodium falciparum temperature suitability index | Malaria Atlas Project database (48) | Health operational district | Extracted mean value |
| Vector control | Sufficient ownership of LLINa | Cambodia Malaria Survey 2010 (42) | Province | Values were reported at each provincial level |
| Treatment | Treatment failure rate using artemisinin combination therapyb | National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (49) (2008–2013) | Province | Values were reported at each provincial level |
aProportion of households in which distributed mosquito nets cover no more than two persons per net.
bPositive tests for P. falciparum on day 28 or day 42.
NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; NDWI, normalized difference water index; LLIN, long-lasting insecticide-treated net; TWI, topographical wetness index.