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. 2017 Sep 20;7(9):170152. doi: 10.1098/rsob.170152

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© 2017 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — Covalent mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. DNA is bound to histone proteins forming the nucleosomes. Nucleosome compaction depends on histone tail modification, which is regulated by histone writers, readers and erasers. DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides is regulated by different enzymes. DNMT1 and DNMT3a mediate the 5′mC synthesis. TET proteins catalyse DNA demethylation.