Table 2.
Fluorescent probes used to analyse different cellular responses.
| probe | final concentration | excitation | emission | parameter analysed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoechst 33342 | 0.2 µM | 360 nm | 465 nm | permeable nuclear stain for total cell number |
| ethidium homodimer-1 (EtHD) | 10 µM | 530 nm | 630 nm | impermeable nuclear stain for cell death: staining of nuclei of cells only when plasma membrane is damaged |
| JC1 | 1 µg ml−1 | 485 nm | 535 nm | mitochondria membrane potential |
| Lysotracker Red DND-99 | 0.1 µM | 560 nm | 630 nm | lysosome abundance |
| 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF) | 10 µM | 485 nm | 535 nm | production of intracellular reactive oxygen species |
| calcein-AM (CAM) | 2.5 µM | 485 nm | 535 nm | assesses intracellular esterase activity through production of fluorescent calcein |
| Newport Green (NPG) | 0.5 µM | 485 nm | 535 nm | soluble intracellular zinc concentration |