Table 1.

Accounts of bee deaths on linden (Tilia sp.).

Tilia species	no. dead bees	no. trees	dead bees/tree	city	country	date	% Bombus	% Apis	main species	notes	reference
T. tomentosa	417	13	32	Bonn	Germany	29 July 1975	100	0	B. terrestris	A. mellifera not recorded	Madel [12]
T. tomentosa	1937	2	968	Münster	Germany	14 July 2000	83	17	B. terrestris		Illies [13]
T. tomentosa	1833	5	367	Eberswalde	East Germany	13 August 1987	79	21	B. terrestris		Donath [14]
T. tomentosa	716	9	80	Berlin	East Germany	July 1988	61	39	B. lucorum		Donath [14]
T. tomentosa	49	25	2	Casel	East Germany	08 August 1987	100	0	B. lucorum	incomplete collection?	Donath [14]
T. tomentosa	1637	1	1637	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	July 1990	99.5	0.5	B. terrestris		Mühlen et al. [15]
T. tomentosa	1702	1	1702	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	07.July 1991	?	?	B. terrestris	same tree as above	Mühlen et al. [15]
T. tomentosa	1412	1	1412	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	July 1992	?	?	B. terrestris	same tree as above	Mühlen et al. [15]
T. tomentosa	2210	1	2210	Münster	Germany	July 1992	?	?	B. terrestris		Mühlen et al. [15]
T. tomentosa	300	1	300	Torun	Poland	2003	83	17	B. terrestris		Pawlikowski [16]
T. tomentosa	1608	1	1608	Dülmen	Germany	July 1993	100	0	?	A. mellifera not recorded	Surholt & Baal [17]
T. tomentosa	1603	?	?	Osnabrück	Germany	1994	100	0	B. terrestris	A. mellifera not recorded	Zucchi [18]
T. tomentosa	141	1	141	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	89	11	B. terrestris	incomplete collection	Breinl [19]
T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’	‘hundreds’	1	‘hundreds’	Innsbruck	Austria	July 1994	?	?	Bombus spp.		Schedl [20]
T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’	403	1	403	Richmond	UK	05 August 2016	99	1	B. terrestris	Kew Gardens	H. Koch 2016, personal observation
T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’	?	1	?	Tortworth	UK	1908	?	?	?	dead bees ‘manured ground’	Elwes & Henry [21]
T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’	660	1	660	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	67	33	B. terrestris	Botanical Garden	Breinl [19]
T. tomentosa ‘Petiolaris’	86	1	86	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	83	17	B. terrestris	incomplete collection	Breinl [19]
T. × euchlora	247	30	8	Luckau	East Germany	02 August 1987	71	29	B. hypnorum		Donath [14]
T. × euchlora	82	11	7	Erfurt	East Germany	24 July 1988	93	7	B. lapidarius		Donath [14]
T. × euchlora	983	1	983	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	July 1990	97	3	B. terrestris		Mühlen et al. [15]
T. × euchlora	816	70	12	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	72	28	B. terrestris	incomplete collection	Breinl [19]
T. × euchlora	336	1	336	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	89	11	B. terrestris	incomplete collection	Breinl [19]
T. × euchlora	372	50	7	Gera	East Germany	July 1989	67	33	B. terrestris	incomplete collection	Breinl [19]
T. cordata	10	1	10	Münster	Germany	22 June 2000	80	20	B. terrestris		Illies [13]
T. cordata	534	4	134	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	July 1990	77	23	?		Mühlen et al. [15]
T. cordata	12	1	12	Torun	Poland	2003	50	50	B. terrestris		Pawlikowski [16]
T. cordata	50 000	55	909	Wilsonville	USA	13 June 2013	100	0	B. vosnesenskii	killed by Dinotefuran?	Black & Vaughan [22]
T. platyphyllos	40	2	20	Münster	Germany	15 June 2000	71	29	B. terrestris		Illies [13]
T. platyphyllos	78	1	78	Berlin	East Germany	13 June 1988	5	92	A. mellifera		Donath [14]
T. platyphyllos	373	4	93	Steinfurt-Borghorst	Germany	July 1990	62	38	?		Mühlen et al. [15]
T. spp.	608	102	6	Linz	Austria	04 August 1978	41	59	A. mellifera	incomplete collection	Pfitzner [23]