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. 2017 Oct 4;7:12657. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12842-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Larvae infected under light exposure demonstrate elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (a–c) qPCR analysis of tnf-a (a) , cxcl8a (b) and ifng1-1 (c), from whole larvae raised under light/dark, constant light and dark/light conditions in comparison to constant darkness, measured at 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours post-injection. Data represent three biological replicates; data shown as mean ± s.d.; p-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; LD, light/dark; LL, constant light; DL, dark/light; DD, constant darkness.