Figure 4.

Dose response of SFN on protein expression in HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with 0–20 µM SFN without (A) or with 0.1 mM CoCl₂ (E) for 24 hours, whole cell lysates were collected as described and subjected to Western blotting for STAT3, HIF-1α and VEGF-A. β-actin was used as a loading control. Band densities were normalized against β-actin, and results were expressed as fold induction relative to controls (B–D,F and G). Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to control.