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. 2017 Oct 4;7:12694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12137-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional analysis of the ALFPm3 promoter through serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis experiments. (a) Functional mapping of the ALFPm3 promoter deletion. For promoter region −1478 to −265, the reporter vector containing ALFPm3 promoter fragments of (−1478/+302), (−814/+302) and (−265/+302) was constructed. (b) Site-directed mutagenesis indicated by closed symbols of the transcription factor binding site Sp1 and NF-κB on the ALFPm3 promoter active region (−814/−266) and deletion of the 21 units of [GAAAGAGAGTAAGAG(T/C)] tandem repeat at position −693 to −358 from the ALFPm3 promoter region. Relative luciferase activity (%) of each construct is shown. Data represent the means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments. The error bars denote standard deviations.