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. 2017 Jun 15;2:17. doi: 10.1038/s41541-017-0018-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Ty21a-PA-01 protects rabbits from a high dose lethal Ames spore challenge. Rabbits were immunized with 1 × 10⁹ CFU of Ty21a control (filled triangles) or Ty21a-PA-01 (open squares) by the IP route four times at 4-week intervals. Two weeks after dose 4, rabbits were challenged with aerosolized Ames spores at a dose of 200 LD₅₀ and monitored twice daily for 21 days. Mean TTD was calculated. None of ten control rabbits immunized with Ty21a survived; however, 7/10 rabbits immunized with Ty21a-PA-01 survived (p = 0.0031, Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed). All 10 control rabbits died in 1.8 ± 0.4 days, and the mean TTD for the 3 immunized rabbits that died was 3.2 ± 1 days (p = 0.039by Mann–Whitney U test, two-tailed)