Table 1.
Demographics
| Healthy (n=11) |
HFrEF I (n=7) |
HFrEF II–III (n=13) |
HFpEF (n=12) |
ANOVA p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | 51±7 | 43±13# | 52±11 | 62±11 | =0.005 |
|
| |||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Women | 6 (55) | 2 (29) | 7 (54) | 8 (67) | |
|
| |||||
| NYHA Class, n (%) | |||||
| I | 7 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| II | 11 (85) | 4 (33) | |||
| III | 2 (15) | 8 (67) | |||
| IV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
|
| |||||
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| African American | 2 (18) | 3 (43) | 6 (46) | 7 (58) | |
| White | 8 (73) | 4 (57) | 6 (46) | 5 (42) | |
| Other | 1 (9) | 1 (8) | |||
|
| |||||
| Medications, n (%) | |||||
| ACE/ARB | 0 (0) | 7 (100) | 13 (100) | 5 (42) | |
| Beta-blockers | 0 (0) | 7 (100) | 12 (92) | 4 (33) | |
| Diuretic | 0 (0) | 6 (86) | 13 (100) | 12 (100) | |
| Digoxin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (23) | 0 (0) | |
| ASA | 0 (0) | 3 (43) | 6 (46) | 6 (50) | |
| Statin | 1 (9) | 3 (43) | 6 (46) | 8 (67) | |
|
| |||||
| BMI | 23.7±3.2 | 31.8±5.1# | 33.0±7.0*,# | 41.0±8.9§§§ | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| LVEF (%) | 24±11# | 27±11# | 62±5 | <0.001 | |
|
| |||||
| 6MW (m) | 622±105 | 503±149# | 394±88§§§ | 288±109§§§ | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | 34.5±10.2 | 23.3±7.7# | 16.4±5.8** | 10.8±3.7§§§ | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Peak VO2 (ml/min) | 2428±876 | 2231±709 | 1710±613*,# | 1109±354§§§ | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| RER | 1.09±0.07 | 1.00±0.06 | 1.03±0.11 | 0.97±0.10 | |
Data are means±SD. NYHA, New York Heart Association; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; 6MW, six minute walk; Peak VO2, peak oxygen consumption on CPET testing; RER, respiratory exchange ratio.
#
p<0.05 vs. HFpEF,
*
p<0.05 vs. Healthy,
**
p<0.02 vs. Healthy,
§§§
p<0.001 vs. Healthy,.