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. 2017 Sep 29;8:1701. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01701

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Copyright © 2017 Aloisi, Cai, Faleri, Navazio, Serafini-Fracassini and Del Duca.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distribution of actin filaments in pear pollen tubes. (A1,A2) Control pollen tubes. The arrow indicates a longitudinal helicoidally-arranged actin filament. (A3) Detail of a control pollen tube apex. (B1–B5) Pollen tubes treated with Spm. (B1) A balloon-shaped pollen tube showing completely disorganized actin filaments in the apex. (B2) Reorganization of actin filaments at the snake-shaped stage. (B3) When the pollen tube re-starts to grow, actin filaments run along the cortical region and open like a fan at the neck level. (B4,B5) Actin filaments can be observed as the new shovel-shaped pollen tube resumes growth. Arrows indicate some actin bundles that run longitudinally along the middle and the cortex of pollen tubes. Bars = 10 μm. Data are representative of three independent experiments.