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. 2017 Sep 29;8:1701. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01701

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Copyright © 2017 Aloisi, Cai, Faleri, Navazio, Serafini-Fracassini and Del Duca.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of treatment with Brefeldin A (BFA) and Spm on pear pollen tube length and cell wall components. (A) A DIC view of 30 min-treated pollen tubes showing no defects in tube morphology. (B) Growth rates of control pollen tubes and of either BFA- or Spm+BFA-treated pollen tubes. The 60-min stage (first bar on the left) represents pollen tube growth before addition of chemicals. Pollen tubes were supplemented with BFA or Spm+BFA for an extra 30–60 min or they were grown under control conditions. The asterisk indicates that the measurements within square brackets are significantly different; in particular, data of treated pollen tubes are always significantly different compared to controls immediately to the left. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. (C) Labeling of pectins by PI. Pectins appear uniformly distributed. (D) Staining of callose by aniline blue. Callose is distributed as in controls and is absent in the very tip region. Bars: 10 μm.