Table 1.

Summary of protoplast-mediated transformation protocols for different fungal species

Strain	Starting material	Number of protoplasts	Name of vectors	The concentration of DNA	Selective markers	Transformation efficiency (transformants/μg DNA)	References
Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and VTT-D-79125	Mycelium	5 × 107 to 5 × 108	pSa143 containing the A. nidulans argB gene	2–5 μg of transforming DNA	argB	600 transformants	[16]
T. reesei QM 9414	Mycelium	5 × 107–108	pRLMEX30 (5.5 kb)	1–6 μg of transforming DNA	hygB	1800–2500 transfomants	[17, 18]
N. crassa 74A	Mycelium	1 × 107	pVK88	60 μg/mL	qa-2 +	5-30 transformants	[19]
A. oryzae NRRL 492	Mycelium	2 × 106	pILJ16	10 μg	argB	5–10 transformants	[20, 21]
M. purpureus NRRL 1596, M. ruber NRRL 1597 and M. purpureus IBCC1	Mycelium	1.8 × 108	pULJL43 (4.6 kb)	15 μg	Sh ble	M. purpureus NRRL 1596 (870 transformants), M. ruber NRRL1597 (137 transformants) and M. purpureus IBCC1 (43 transformants)	[22]
Aspergillus giganteus IfGB15/0903	Germinated conidia	1 × 107 to 2.5 × 108	pAN7-1	10 μg	hygB	55 transformants per 1 × 107 protoplasts	[23]