Table 1. A selection of recent CHIM studies, time periods and degree of utilization (2015).
| Challenge model | Time periods of
utilization |
Number of
challenge strains used so far |
Approximate
numbers of volunteers |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Typhoid &
Paratyphoid (enteric fevers) |
1952–1974;
2012–present |
2 | 2,200 |
| Influenza | 1976–present | 4 | 1,500 |
| Malaria | 1986–present | 4 | 1,000 |
|
Pneumococcal
carriage |
2000–2005;
2012–present |
2 | 850 |
| Shigella | 1946–1995;
2006–present |
9 | 750 |
|
Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli |
1971–1999;
2007–present |
11 | 500 |
|
Neisseria
lactamica |
1 | 398 | |
| Campylobacter | 1988–1998;
2009–present |
5 | 225 |
| Norovirus | 1990–2005;
2012–present |
3 | 220 |
| Cholera | 1983–2005;
2010–present |
3 | 200 |
| Cryptosporidium | 1995–2006;
2014–present |
5 | 110 |
|
Respiratory
Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
1985–2000;
2010–present |
2 | 150 |
| Dengue | 1945–1952;
2010–present |
7 | 50 |
|
Mycobacteria
(BCG) |
2012–present | 1 | 40 |
References for many of these studies are included in the comprehensive review by Darton (2015) 5.