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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018 Jan 1;23:348–387. doi: 10.2741/4595

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Protein-bound uremic toxins could take use of five potential toxin-conjugated albumin-receptor pathways to either promote or suppress inflammation. There are two features for these five pathways: first, each receptor may signal several pathways; and second, downstream pathways connecting to each receptor can be shared. * TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; WNT: Wnt signaling pathways; Notch: Notch Signaling Pathway; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Ras: The Ras family; PKC/PI3K/Akt: Protein kinase C, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, protein kinase B; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription; Src/RhoA/Cdc42: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, Ras homolog gene family, member A, Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Ref number 14517321, 25674083, 26055641, 25974754, 26925240).