Table 13.

Pro-inflammation cytokine pathways regulate the expressions of the genes encoding uremic toxins, receptor components and toxin-protein conjugation enzymes.

Treatment	Cell type	Gene	Fold Change	Toxin	GEO Dataset ID	PMID
Control VS TNF-α	Annulus disc cells	Upregulated gene			GSE41883	--
		SMOX	6.73	Spermidine
		AKR1B1	4.66	Arabinitol
		TYMP	5.70	Thymine
		PON2	2.06	Hydroquinone
		NT5E	2.31	Uridine/Xanthosine/Inosine/Cytidine
		ALDH1B1	2.33	Indole-3-acetate
		UPP1	4.59	Uracil
		IMPAD1	1.89	Myoinositol
		GLA	1.45	Sorbitol/Myoinositol
		ASMT	1.05	Melatonin
		GDA	1.04	Xanthine
		Myc	1.75	Signal components
		MDM2	1.05	Signal components
		Downregulated gene
		ALDH7A1	0.45	Indole-3-acetate
		DPYD	0.43	Thymine/Uracil
		NT5C2	0.57	Cytidine/Inosine/Xanthosine
		ALDH3A2	0.30	Indole-3-acetate
		ADA	0.43	Inosine
		GAMT	0.49	Creatine
		NT5C	0.76	Cytidine/Inosine
		HPRT1	0.68	Xanthine/Hypoxanthine
		AHCY	0.73	Homocysteine
		IMPA2	0.37	Myoinositol
		GDE1	0.62	Myoinositol
		SRM	0.75	Spermidine/Spermine
		CECR1	0.39	Inosine
		ALDH9A1	0.62	Indole-3-acetate
		RhoA	0.68	Signal components
		Max	0.82	Signal components
		CDC42	0.77	Signal components
Control VS IL-1β	Human epithelial pancreatic Mia Paca-2 cells	Upregulated gene			GSE26702	22313544
		ALDH2	5.21	Indole-3-acetate
		AKR1B1	1.44	Arabinitol
		Downregulated gene
		ARG2	0.44	Urea
		FMO5	0.15	Trimethylamine
		NT5C1B	0.19	Cytidine/Inosine/Uridine
		ALDH3A2	0.64	Indole-3-acetate
Control VS IFN-γ	Human hepatocyte	Upregulated gene			GSE38147	22677194
		FMO4	1.63	Trimethylamine
		GLYAT	5.07	Hippuric acid
		Max	1.37	Signal components
		Downregulated gene
		SMOX	0.52	Spermidine