Table 3.
Distribution of out-of-pocket payment (in USD) in the last 30 days.
| Components | Out-of-pocket payment USD in last 30 days |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without disability |
With disability |
Overall out-of-pocket payment |
|||||||
| n | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | n | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | n | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 2628 | 17.09 ± 30.06 | 9.13 (14.78) | 1961 | 12.98 ± 65.46 | 7.25 (2.35) | 6586 | 15.33 ± 50.53 | 7.25 (16.67) |
| Female | 3958 | 24.74 ± 46.31 | 14.49 (54.78) | 3853 | 32.87 ± 39.53 | 6.52 (73.12) | 5814 | 28.75 ± 43.29 | 7.25 (54.78) |
| Age group | |||||||||
| Childhood (≤19 years) | 1477 | 11.16 ± 24.14 | 4.06 (7.25) | 128 | 16.63 ± 28.25 | 5.80 (17.46) | 1605 | 11.74 ± 24.61 | 4.35 (7.54) |
| Young adult (20–39 years) | 245 | 13.37 ± 61.96 | 9.13 (3.91) | 29 | 17.62 ± 42.96 | 4.35 (9.75) | 274 | 13.71 ± 60.67 | 9.13 (4.78) |
| Middle aged (40–64 years) | 3541 | 32.08 ± 31.11 | 23.91 (43.48) | 3800 | 33.34 ± 39.61 | 6.52 (73.12) | 7341 | 32.73 ± 35.77 | 23.91 (53.91) |
| Senior aged (65–84 years) | 1310 | 5.06 ± 25.30 | 3.19 (1.25) | 1813 | 11.84 ± 71.26 | 7.25 (4.52) | 3123 | 9.00 ± 31.54 | 7.25 (4.06) |
| Old senior aged (≥85 years) | 13 | 7.75 ± 7.96 | 5.80 (13.77) | 44 | 27.38 ± 75.70 | 7.90 (18.66) | 57 | 22.90 ± 66.96 | 7.25 (15.45) |
| Type of chronic illness | |||||||||
| Chronic fever | 1075 | 24.09 ± 23.01 | 23.91 (4.75) | 21 | 25.21 ± 81.22 | 6.59 (11.74) | 1096 | 24.11 ± 25.29 | 23.91 (12.32) |
| Injuries | 51 | 21.88 ± 58.07 | 4.35 (13.04) | 61 | 32.12 ± 64.32 | 6.88 (22.46) | 112 | 27.45 ± 61.49 | 5.29 (20.85) |
| Chronic heart disease | 1316 | 55.08 ± 60.38 | 57.97 (6.59) | 73 | 41.78 ± 144.22 | 5.8 (17.68) | 1389 | 54.38 ± 67.40 | 57.97 (10.20) |
| Asthma | 804 | 15.26 ± 18.86 | 14.49 (3.21) | 619 | 7.52 ± 10.16 | 6.52 (2.26) | 1423 | 11.89 ± 16.14 | 6.52 (7.97) |
| Gastric or ulcer | 1626 | 5.06 ± 12.83 | 3.19 (2.16) | 1764 | 66.21 ± 21.69 | 73.91 (4.52) | 3390 | 36.88 ± 35.46 | 10.07 (70.72) |
| Hypertension | 1005 | 9.82 ± 13.68 | 9.13 (4.98) | 93 | 88.82 ± 754.27 | 4.35 (9.13) | 1098 | 16.51 ± 219.93 | 9.13 (4.65) |
| Arthritis | 193 | 16.82 ± 60.93 | 3.91 (10.43) | 175 | 10.35 ± 21.65 | 4.35 (10.58) | 368 | 13.74 ± 46.64 | 4.06 (10.66) |
| Diabetes | 93 | 25.41 ± 98.05 | 7.83 (18.12) | 45 | 11.87 ± 18.56 | 4.35 (13.62) | 138 | 20.99 ± 81.29 | 7.25 (17.39) |
| Chronic dysentery | 30 | 6.30 ± 11.69 | 1.96 (3.77) | 9 | 4.22 ± 3.68 | 3.62 (5.22) | 39 | 5.82 ± 10.39 | 2.17 (4.06) |
| Eczema | 29 | 6.94 ± 9.94 | 4.35 (5.65) | 9 | 7.75 ± 9.42 | 3.62 (7.97) | 38 | 7.13 ± 9.70 | 4.20 (5.80) |
| Cancer | 5 | 124.90 ± 168.46 | 39.13 (186.09) | 1 | 11.74 ± (–) | 11.74 (–) | 6 | 106.04 ± 157.60 | 25.43 (186.09) |
| Leprosy | 9 | 8.50 ± 16.78 | 1.59 (6.67) | 2 | 10.33 ± 3.43 | 10.33 (4.86) | 11 | 8.83 ± 15.07 | 2.61 (10.29) |
| Paralysis | 3 | 130.53 ± 210.95 | 17.39 (373.62) | 1562 | 7.42 ± 4.30 | 7.25 (3.72) | 1565 | 7.66 ± 10.22 | 7.25 (4.58) |
| Epilepsy | 11 | 7.81 ± 7.01 | 5.8 (9.42) | 3 | 5.85 ± 5.22 | 5.65 (10.43) | 14 | 7.39 ± 6.53 | 5.72 (8.26) |
| Others | 336 | 17.16 ± 44.12 | 5.51 (11.00) | 1377 | 2.02 ± 9.01 | 0.80 (0.12) | 1713 | 4.99 ± 21.96 | 0.80 (0.20) |
| Healthcare provider | |||||||||
| Private | 5691 | 23.16 ± 31.23 | 14.49 (20.72) | 2024 | 10.33 ± 31.04 | 7.25 (4.25) | 7715 | 19.8 ± 31.68 | 9.13 (16.67) |
| Public | 242 | 30.57 ± 145.60 | 8.26 (15.94) | 131 | 79.37 ± 636.26 | 8.99 (18.12) | 373 | 47.71 ± 394.65 | 8.41 (16.23) |
| Pharmacy/Dispensary | 514 | 4.75 ± 9.38 | 2.46 (4.20) | 3050 | 38.29 ± 36.34 | 73.91 (73.12) | 3564 | 33.45 ± 35.80 | 4.35 (73.12) |
| Traditional | 78 | 7.81 ± 13.73 | 3.26 (6.64) | 47 | 8.28 ± 23.37 | 2.90 (5.51) | 125 | 7.99 ± 17.88 | 2.90 (5.91) |
| Other | 61 | 8.66 ± 22.03 | 2.17 (5.07) | 562 | 6.48 ± 2.55 | 6.52 (2.40) | 623 | 6.69 ± 7.29 | 6.52 (4.20) |
| Communities | |||||||||
| Rural | 3871 | 26.02 ± 45.24 | 23.91 (24.93) | 3855 | 11.06 ± 120.10 | 6.52 (6.45) | 7726 | 18.56 ± 90.98 | 7.25 (21.01) |
| Urban | 2715 | 15.50 ± 32.42 | 3.19 (11.30) | 1959 | 55.88 ± 31.90 | 73.91 (57.97) | 4674 | 32.42 ± 37.87 | 14.49 (70.72) |
| Economics status | |||||||||
| Lowest 20% | 468 | 14.03 ± 42.07 | 4.35 (8.64) | 795 | 8.97 ± 19.96 | 7.25 (6.45) | 1263 | 10.85 ± 30.19 | 7.25 (6.09) |
| 2nd | 1300 | 11.71 ± 21.81 | 9.13 (4.62) | 2135 | 6.28 ± 16.04 | 7.25 (6.45) | 3435 | 8.33 ± 18.62 | 7.25 (8.33) |
| 3rd | 1489 | 18.25 ± 13.60 | 14.49 (9.42) | 615 | 22.46 ± 56.11 | 0.80 (26.74) | 2104 | 19.48 ± 32.46 | 14.49 (20.72) |
| 4th | 400 | 17.46 ± 38.77 | 7.54 (11.59) | 1276 | 69.99 ± 203.49 | 73.91 (0) | 1676 | 57.45 ± 179.94 | 73.91 (59.49) |
| Upper 20% | 2929 | 29.66 ± 53.13 | 23.91 (54.78) | 993 | 28.66 ± 32.62 | 6.52 (67.39) | 3922 | 29.40 ± 48.75 | 7.25 (54.78) |
| Total | 6586 | 21.68 ± 40.78 | 9.71 (20.72) | 5814 | 26.16 ± 101.76 | 7.25 (73.12) | 12,400 | 23.78 ± 75.78 | 7.25 (22.75) |
USD: United States Dollar; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.