miR-135a is upregulated in podocyte injury. (A) Quantification by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of miR-135a in the isolated glomeruli from 3 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and 3 patients with kidney rupture (control). (B) RT-qPCR analysis of miR-135a expression in the glomeruli isolated from BALB/c mice treated with adriamycin (ADR; 10.5 mg/kg) at different time points after the injection [n=3, means ± standard deviation (SD)]. (C and D) The miR-135a expression level was measured in the cultured mouse podocyte cell line 5 (MPC5) treated with ADR (C) at different doses and (D) for different periods of time. (E and F) Quantification of miR-135a in MPC5 cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (E) at different doses and (F) for different periods of time. The data are expressed as mean + SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 indicate statistically significant and highly statistically significant differences, respectively, compared with the controls. NO1, patient number 1; NO2, patient number 2; NO3, patient number 3.