Table 1.

Aggressive Social Behaviors of Grip1/2 DKO Mice and WT Controls in Resident-Intruder Test^a.

Resident Mice		Aggressive Social Behaviors
Genotype	Number	Passive Aggression (Tail flicking)	Assertive Aggression (Fighting, biting, chasing)	Latency to First Attack (Second)
WT	10	2.5 ± 2.3	0.9 ± 0.8	227.5 ± 33.3
DKO	10	0.4 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.5	423.3 ± 43.2

^aThe test was carried out in the individual home cage of a resident male mouse after seven days of isolation. On the eighth day, a young and unfamiliar intruder male was placed in the home cage of the test mouse. These mice were then allowed to interact freely without interference for 10 min. These intruder mice of similar strain background were housed in separate cages and have not been exposed to the resident mice before the test. Each intruder mouse was used only once in this test on any given test day. Isolation induced aggressive behaviors (attacks, biting, and tail rattles) of the resident mouse toward the intruder mouse were video-recorded and analyzed individually. The episodes of each attack as well as the latency to first attack were compared. Mean +/− SEM for each aggressive behavior was shown. Student t-test was performed for statistical analysis.