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. 2017 Sep 15;49(9):e377. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.135

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Minimal involvement of relevant signaling pathways by N terminus-mutated or -deleted FSTs in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts. (a) Western blot against P-Smad2/3 and total SMADs in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts. (b) Semi-quantification of pSmad expression shown in the western blot as the ratio of P-Smad2/3 to total Smads. Compared with the control, the ratio of P-Smad2/3 to total Smads was downregulated by FST to 74.4% and FST-I-I to 84.2%, indicating the Smad pathway inhibition, whereas N(−) and NM groups did not change much (the ratio was 94.7% and 97.9%, respectively). (c) Western blot against P-AKT and total AKT in differentiated myoblast. (d) Semi-quantification of pAKT expression. The ratio of P-AKT to total AKT was greatly activated by FST followed by FST-I-I, N(−) and NM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001 compared with control.