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. 2017 Sep 1;49(9):e373. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.172

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Signal transduction by flagellin in plant cells. Plant cells also possess receptors similar to TLR5 called flagellin sensing receptors (FLS2). FLS2 interact with the linear motif of flagellin in the N terminus (shown by arrow), which results in the rapid induction of a phosphorylation cascade of MAP kinases. MAPKs, in turn, activate the transcription factor WRKY22/29, which induces the transcription of genes providing resistance against fungal and bacterial infections. Due to differences in the homology of LLRs in TLR5 and FLS2, the flagellin-interacting motifs are different in these species.