Table 1.

Effects of ginsenosides in in vivo models of disease

Disease	Ginsenoside	Effective target	Experiment model	Ref.
Cardiovascular disease	Rb1	Myocardial infarction	Rat	[51]
	Re	Cardiomyocyte	Human, cat	[52]
	Rg1	Ventricular hypertrophy	Rat	[53]
	Rg3	Vascular smooth muscle	Rat and mice	[54]
Stroke	Rd	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale	human	[55]
	Rg1	Formation of new synapses, cerebral cortex	Mice	[56]
		Hippocampus	Rat	[57]
Diabetes	Rb1	Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effect	Rat	[58]
	Re	Antiobesity	Mice	[59]
	Rg3	Insulin signaling and glucose uptake	Rat	[60]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Rb1	Collagen	Mice	[39]
Osteoporosis	Rg1	Osteoblast	Rat	[61]
	Rb1	Osteoblast	Rat	[61]
	Rb2	Bone mass	Mice	[62]
Erectile dysfunction	Rg3	Corpus cavernosum	Rat	[63]
	Re	Corpus cavernosum	Rat	[64]
	Rg1	Testosterone level, corpus cavernosum	Mice	[65]
Asthma	Rb1	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	Mice	[66]
	Rh2	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung	Mice	[67]