Fig. 4.

Expression of MMP-2, -9, and -13 following UTGL treatment on the hairless mice. Different letters above average symbols (a, b, and c) indicate that the average bars were considered to be statistically different among the same symbols (MMP-2, -9, and -13, respectively), whereas statistically identical average bars are indicated by the same letter. Differences among samples were evaluated statistically using ANOVA and Tukey's new multiple test. Each bar represents mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. Normal control, received nonvehicle and not irradiated with UVB; UVB, received nonvehicle and were subjected to gradient-UVB irradiation; GA-L, received topical application of UTGL formulation and were subjected to gradient-UVB irradiation 0.5 mg/cm² of dorsal skin area; and GA-H, received topical application of UTGL formulation and were subjected to gradient-UVB irradiation 1.0 mg/cm² of dorsal skin area. ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; GA-H, high irradiation group; GA-L, low irradiation group; SD, standard deviation; UTGL, Ultraflo treated ginseng leaf.