Table 1. Spectroscopic data and synthesis information of the FDAAs in the study.

^aValues for unsalted FDAAs. The molecular weight of conjugated salt was not included.

^bFDAA spectra were measured in PBS buffer at 1× pH 7.4 (containing 0.1% DMSO).

^cExtinction coefficient (ε) or quantum yield (Φ) of fluorophores used for FDAA synthesis. Values are from the dye manufacturer, except as noted from ref. 47. NA: not available.

^dSynthesis of Atto₆₁₀ADA using commercially available Atto₆₁₀ NHS ester resulted in a less stable product (data not shown). We modified the structure of the linker moiety, producing stable Atto₆₁₀ADA. Please note that the commercially available Atto₆₁₀ NHS ester contains a butyric linker. See ESI for detailed synthesis scheme.