Table 3.

Associations of calf IMAT and muscle density with physical performance and gait parameters.

	IMAT	Muscle density
	B-coefficient (95% CI)*
Hand grip strength (kg)	0.003 (-0.122, 0.127)	0.507 (0.055, 0.960)
Knee extension strength (kg)	0.020 (-0.082, 0.123)	0.254 (-0.146, 0.655)
Sit-to-stand (s)	0.232 (0.122, 0.341)	-0.744 (-1.259, -0.228)
BOOMER tests
Step test (number of steps)	-0.040 (-0.120, 0.039)	0.395 (0.089, 0.701)
TUG (s)	0.063 (0.014, 0.112)	-0.244 (-0.439, -0.049)
FRT (cm)	-0.104 (-1.609, 1.401)	4.726 (-0.930, 10.382)
Total BOOMER score	-0.13 (-0.030, 0.004)	0.090 (0.021, 0.159)
Standing balance test (N = 41)
Path length (cm)	0.927 (0.558, 1.295)	-3.119 (-4.740, -1.497)
Anteroposterior amplitude (cm)	0.032 (0.016, 0.048)	-0.116 (-0.183, -0.050)
Mediolateral amplitude (cm)	0.010 (0.001, 0.019)	-0.070 (-0.111, -0.029)
Gait parameters (N = 40)
Gait speed (cm/s)†	-0.007 (-0.013, -0.001)	0.016 (-0.009, 0.040)
Cadence (steps/min)	-0.303 (-0.546, -0.060)	0.754 (-0.237, 1.745)
Step time (s)	0.002 (0.001, 0.003)	-0.003 (-0.007, 0.001)
Step length (cm)	-0.140 (-0.306, 0.025)	0.191 (-0.474, 0.856)
Step width (cm)	0.075 (0.011, 0.139)	-0.347 (-0.587, -0.107)
Swing time (%)	-0.037 (-0.078, 0.004)	0.067 (-0.097, 0.231)
Double support time (%)	0.076 (-0.005, 0.156)	-0.145 (-0.470, 0.181)

Abbreviations: IMAT; inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue, TUG; timed up and go, FRT; functional reach test. Bold text indicates P<0.05.

^*Adjusted for age, sex and ALM/BMI.

^†Normalised to leg length