Table 1.
Subjects’ clinical characteristics at baseline and second visits
| Characteristics | Baseline visit | Second visit | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case | 124 | ||
| Age, years | 62.08±8.36 | NA | |
| Sex, male/female | 96/28 | NA | |
| Smoking history, pack-years | 25.03±24.21 | NA | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.64±3.33 | NA | |
| GOLD | |||
| I | 11 | ||
| II | 47 | ||
| III | 47 | ||
| IV | 19 | ||
| CT-EI | |||
| LAA% −950, % | 12.79±11.49 | NA | |
| mMRC scores | 1.98±0.86 | 0.78±0.75 | <0.001a |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| IC, L | 2.08±0.63 | 2.41±0.65 | <0.001a |
| VC, L | 2.88±0.79 | 3.27±0.80 | <0.001a |
| FVC, L | 2.70±0.76 | 3.04±0.78 | <0.001a |
| FEV1, L | 1.33±0.57 | 1.62±0.64 | <0.001a |
| FEV1%pred, % | 50.09±18.83 | ||
| FEV1/FVC, % | 48.56±10.84 | 52.89±12.87 | <0.001a |
| FEV1/VC, % | 45.57±10.61 | 49.21±12.96 | <0.001a |
| TLC, L | 5.24±1.02 | 5.53±0.95 | 0.002a |
| RV/TLC, % | 44.31±9.35 | 40.38±8.15 | 0.004a |
| DLCO, mL/mmHg/min | 7.60±4.75 | 8.11±4.84 | 0.002a |
| Changes in IC and FEV1 | |||
| ΔIC, L | 0.33±0.40 | NA | |
| ΔFEV1, L | 0.29±0.35 | NA |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD.
Analysis with paired t-test.
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; BMI, body mass index; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; CT, computerized tomography; EI, emphysema index; LAA% −950, percentage of low attenuation areas less than −950 Hu; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; IC, inspiratory capacity; VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; ΔIC, increases in inspiratory capacity; ΔFEV1, increases in forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SD, standard deviation; CT, computed tomography; Hu, Hounsfield units.