. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 26.

Published in final edited form as: Du Bois Rev. 2016 Oct 26;13(2):237–259. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X16000205

Table 3.

Racial-Ethnic Differences in Exposure to Block-Level PM_2.5

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE
Fixed Effects
Intercept	2.609	0.000^***	2.631	0.001^***	2.535	0.008^***	2.534	0.008^***	2.526	0.010^***
Black	0.136	0.001^***	0.116	0.002^***	0.049	0.003^***	0.045	0.003^***	0.045	0.003^***
Latino	0.145	0.002^***	0.050	0.003^*	0.031	0.006^***	0.030	0.006^***	0.034	0.005^***
Age							0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Average income							0.000	0.000^*	0.000	0.000^**
Unemployed (v. employed)							−0.006	0.000^***	−0.005	0.000^***
Unmarried (v. married)							0.006	0.001^***	0.005	0.001^***
Family size							−0.001	0.000^***	−0.001	0.000^***
Rent (v. own) home							0.013	0.000^***	0.014	0.000^***
Metro segregation									−0.332	0.057^***
Metro industrial share									−0.890	0.017^***
Rates of Change
Time			−0.022	0.000^***	−0.020	0.000^***	−0.020	0.000^***	−0.024	0.000^***
Time^* Black			−0.001	0.000^***	−0.002	0.000^***	−0.002	0.000^***	−0.001	0.000^***
Time^* Latino			−0.003	0.000^***	−0.002	0.000^**	−0.002	0.000^**	−0.001	0.000
Random Effects
Within-individuals			0.082	0.000	0.067	0.000	0.067	0.000	0.066	0.000
Between-individuals (in metros)
Intercept (at t=7.63)			0.176	0.001	0.075	0.000	0.074	0.000	0.074	0.000
Time			0.009	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000
Between-metros
Intercept (at t=7.63)					0.214	0.006	0.214	0.006	0.228	0.006
Black					0.032	0.003	0.031	0.003	0.031	0.003
Latino					0.057	0.006	0.057	0.006	0.056	0.006
Time					0.006	0.000	0.006	0.000	0.006	0.000
Time^* Black					0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.000
Time^* Latino					0.003	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.004	0.000

Note: Block-level PM_2.5 is log-transformed following the addition of a constant value of 1.

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^***

p<0.001.