Table 4. Beer samples with confirmed aflatoxin contaminations (μg/L).

Combined Style	Sample Number	Craft	Country	%ABV	Screening 6-plex immunoassay (n = 3)			Confirmatory analysis LC-MS/MS (n = 1)
					average	range	SD	AFB1	AFB2	AFM1
African Traditional	421	yes	South Africa	?	nd	nd	nd	0.1	<LOD	<LOD
African Traditional	423	yes	South Africa	?	nd	nd	nd	1.21	0.2	0.1
African Traditional	429	yes	South Africa	?	nd	nd	nd	1.0	0.1	<LOD
African Traditional	452	yes	South Africa	?	nd	nd	nd	0.2	0.1	<LOD
Pale Lager	280	no	Zimbabwe	5	nd	nd	nd	0.2	<LOD	<LOD

n = number of replicates, %ABV = percentage alcohol by volume, SD = standard deviation, nd = not detected,

¹ Value is above the upper quantification limit,

^? = %ABV unknown, LOD = limit of detection, AFB₁ (aflatoxin B₁), AFB₂ (aflatoxin B₂), AFM₁ (aflatoxin M1)