Table 7.

New IR Ligands and modulators

Desiderable characteristics of a selective IR modulator in diabetic patients

Full glucoregulatory activity

Minimal (or reduced) mitogenic activity

No effect on hypoglycemia

No effect on weight gain

Long-acting

Different types of IR modulators

Agonists, stimulating selective biological responses

Agonists, active with different time courses

Agonists, IR isoform specific

Agonist, tissue specific

Coactivators, increasing the ligand effect (fully or partially)

Antagonists, blocking IR activation (fully or partially)