Table 1.
Demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory investigations of patients with hepatic sarcoidosis
| Demographics | ||
|
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| Age at diagnosis (years), mean + SD | 46.1 + 18.0 | |
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| Female sex (No. [%]) | 10 (53) | |
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| Ethnicity (No. [%]) | ||
| White | 15 (79) | |
| African-American | 1 (5) | |
| Native American | 1 (5) | |
| Other | 2 (11) | |
|
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| Months from sarcoidosis diagnosis to hepatic involvement, median (range) | 0.0 (−3.3, 78.5) | |
|
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| Length of follow-up (years), median (range) | 10.1 (0.0, 20.9) | |
|
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| Clinical characteristics | ||
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| Clinical presentations (No. [%]) | ||
| No sign and symptom | 15 (79) | |
| Abdominal pain | 4 (21) | |
| Hepatomegaly | 2 (11) | |
| Jaundice | 0 (0) | |
| Pruritus | 0 (0) | |
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| Imaging study at diagnosis of liver involvement (No. [%]) | ||
| Number of tested patients | 16 | |
| No abnormality | 7 (44) | |
| Hypodense nodular lesions | 6 (38) | |
| Hepatomegaly | 3 (19) | |
| Splenomegaly | 2 (13) | |
| Cirrhosis | 2 (13) | |
| Ascites | 0 (0) | |
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| Liver biopsy (No. [%]) | ||
| Number of tested patients | 16 | |
| Presence of non-caseating granuloma | 14 (88) | |
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| ACE at diagnosis of liver involvement (No. [%]) | ||
| Number of tested patients | 15 | |
| Number of patients with elevated ACE level | 9 (60%) | |
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| Liver biochemical tests at diagnosis of liver involvement | Number elevated / Number of tested patients (%) | Mean + SD |
| AST | 9/17 (53) | 50.9 + 22.5 IU/L |
| ALT | 10/14 (71) | 68.3 + 37.1 IU/L |
| ALP | 15/17 (88) | 394.6 + 390.9 IU/L |
| GGT | 9/10 (90) | 175.1 + 101.2 IU/L |
| Total bilirubin | 2/16 (13) | 0.8 + 0.5 mg/dL |
| Direct bilirubin | 2/15 (13) | 0.2 + 0.1 mg/dL |
| Albumin* | 0/16 (0) | 4.0 + 0.8 g/dL |
| INR** | 0/14 (0) | 1.0 + 0.1 |
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| Serology at diagnosis of liver involvement | Number positive / Number of tested patients (%) | |
| ANA | 4/10 (40) | |
| AMA | 0/10 (0) | |
| ASMA | 0/7 (0) | |
| MPO-ANCA | 0/5 (0) | |
| PR3-ANCA | 0/5 (0) | |
| Anti-LKM-1 | 0/3 (0) | |
*
Number of patients below lower normal limit
**
Elevated of more than or equal to 1.4
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; No., number; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibody, ASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibody; anti-LKM-1, anti-liver kidney microsome type 1; ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PR3, proteinase 3; IU, international unit, L, litre; dL, deciliter; mg, milligram; g, gram