Table 5.
Genotypic and allelic frequencies of MDR1 (ABCB1) C3435T in the Middle East and North Africa region
| References | Country | Study population | Sample size | Genotypic frequencies (%) | Allelic frequencies (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC | CT | TT | C | T | ||||
| [46] | Egypt | Healthy volunteers | 50 | 24.0 | 48.0 | 28.0 | 48.0 | 52.0 |
| Patients with drug-responsive epilepsy | 37 | 13.5 | 46.0 | 40.5 | 36.5 | 63.5 | ||
| Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy | 63 | 55.6 | 38.1 | 6.3 | 74.6 | 25.4 | ||
| [90] | Egypt | Patients taking clopidogrel for ACS or PCI who experienced MACE | 84 | 39.3 | 47.6 | 13.1 | 63.1 | 36.9 |
| Patients taking clopidogrel for ACS or PCI who did not experience MACE | 106 | 37.7 | 44.3 | 17.9 | 59.9 | 40.1 | ||
| [91] | Egypt | Patients taking maintenance warfarin | 84 | 29.8 | 54.8 | 15.4 | 57.1 | 42.9 |
| [92] | Egypt | Patients with hypercholesterolemia | 50 | 38.0 | 40.0 | 22.0 | 58.0 | 42.0 |
| [93] | Egypt | Patients taking imatinib for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML | 100 | 44.0 | 47.0 | 9.0 | 67.5 | 32.5 |
| [94] | Egypt | Healthy child volunteers | 35 | 28.6 | 48.6 | 22.9 | 47.1 | 52.9 |
| Children with immune thrombocytopenia | 48 | 8.3 | 62.5 | 27.1 | 67.6 | 32.4 | ||
| [95] | Iran | Patients admitted for primary care | 933 | 31.6 | 64.5 | 3.9 | 49.1 | 50.9 |
| [96] | Iran | Healthy volunteers | 200 | 23.5 | 45.0 | 31.5 | 46.0 | 54.0 |
| Patients with drug-responsive epilepsy | 200 | 16.0 | 40.0 | 44.0 | 36.0 | 64.0 | ||
| Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy | 132 | 25.7 | 41.7 | 32.6 | 46.6 | 53.4 | ||
| [97] | Iran | Iranian Azeri Turkish volunteers | 92 | 19.6 | 53.3 | 27.2 | 46.2 | 53.8 |
| Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with Behçet’s disease | 69 | 18.8 | 46.4 | 34.8 | 42.0 | 58.0 | ||
| [98] | Iran | Healthy female volunteers | 200 | 70.5 | 25.0 | 4.5 | 83.0 | 17.0 |
| Female patients with breast cancer | 100 | 75.0 | 16.0 | 9.0 | 83.0 | 17.0 | ||
| [99] | Iran | Healthy female volunteers | 54 | 18.5 | 55.6 | 25.9 | 47.0 | 53.0 |
| Female patients with breast cancer | 50 | 20.0 | 54.0 | 26.0 | 46.3 | 53.7 | ||
| [100] | Iran | Healthy female volunteers | 77 | 15.6 | 58.4 | 26.0 | 44.8 | 55.2 |
| Female patients with breast cancer | 106 | 15.1 | 53.7 | 31.1 | 42.0 | 58.0 | ||
| [101] | Jordan | Healthy volunteers | 100 | 17.0 | 50.0 | 33.0 | 42.0 | 58.0 |
| [102] | Jordan | Patients of ear, nose, and throat clinic | 251 | 16.3 | 48.2 | 35.4 | 40.4 | 59.6 |
| [103] | Jordan | Patients receiving methotrexate for RA | 159 | 37.7 | 45.3 | 17.0 | 60.4 | 39.6 |
| [104] | Jordan | Healthy female volunteers | 150 | 26.7 | 43.3 | 30.0 | 48.3 | 51.7 |
| Female patients with breast cancer | 150 | 45.3 | 41.3 | 13.3 | 66.0 | 34.0 | ||
| [105] | Lebanon | Children with ALL | 127 | 27.6 | 44.1 | 28.3 | 49.6 | 50.4 |
| [106] | Morocco | Healthy volunteers | 100 | 39.0 | 51.0 | 10.0 | 64.5 | 35.5 |
| [107] | Saudi Arabia | Healthy volunteers | 179 | 35.2 | 45.2 | 19.6 | 57.8 | 42.2 |
| [108] | Saudi Arabia | Healthy female volunteers | 100 | 93.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 95.5 | 4.5 |
| Female patients with breast cancer | 100 | 73.0 | 11.0 | 16.0 | 78.5 | 21.5 | ||
| [45] | Saudi Arabia | Patients with PHT-responsive epilepsy | 25 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 88.0 | 12.0 | |
| Patients with PHT-resistant epilepsy | 25 | 52.0 | 48.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | |||
| [43] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 96 | 29.2 | 46.9 | 24.0 | 52.6 | 47.4 |
| [109] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 107 | 27.1 | 41.1 | 31.8 | 47.7 | 52.3 |
| [110] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 174 | 28.2 | 46.0 | 25.9 | 51.1 | 48.9 |
| Patients with CBZ-responsive epilepsy | 53 | 30.2 | 54.7 | 15.1 | 57.5 | 42.5 | ||
| Patients with CBZ-resistant epilepsy | 44 | 29.5 | 59.1 | 11.4 | 59.1 | 40.9 | ||
| [29] | Turkey | Children with drug-responsive epilepsy | 83 | 26.5 | 45.8 | 27.7 | 49.4 | 50.6 |
| Children with drug-resistant epilepsy | 69 | 24.6 | 43.5 | 31.9 | 46.4 | 53.6 | ||
| [111] | Turkey | Patients receiving fentanyl for spinal anesthesia | 83 | 28.9 | 54.2 | 16.9 | 56.0 | 44.0 |
| [112] | Turkey | Patients with normal CAG | 85 | 27.1 | 41.2 | 31.8 | 47.6 | 52.4 |
| Patients with CAD found on CAG | 113 | 27.4 | 48.7 | 23.9 | 51.8 | 48.2 | ||
| [113] | Turkey | Healthy male volunteers | 102 | 26.5 | 49.0 | 24.5 | 51.0 | 49.0 |
| Male individuals with primary infertility | 192 | 27.6 | 57.3 | 15.1 | 56.3 | 43.7 | ||
| [114] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 130 | 25.4 | 44.6 | 30.0 | 47.7 | 52.3 |
| Patients with familial Mediterranean fever | 142 | 16.9 | 59.9 | 23.2 | 46.8 | 53.2 | ||
| [115] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 250 | 27.2 | 42.4 | 30.4 | 48.4 | 51.6 |
| Patients with familial Mediterranean fever | 309 | 20.4 | 55.3 | 24.3 | 48.1 | 51.9 | ||
| [116] | Turkey | Patients with familial Mediterranean fever | 41 | 3.7 | 54.2 | 43.4 | 29.2 | 70.8 |
| [117] | Turkey | Renal transplant recipients taking tacrolimus | 92 | 30.4 | 47.8 | 21.7 | 54.3 | 45.7 |
| [118] | Turkey | Renal transplant recipients taking cyclosporine who did not develop gingival hyperplasia | 114 | 27.2 | 44.7 | 28.1 | 49.6 | 50.4 |
| Renal transplant recipients taking cyclosporine who developed gingival hyperplasia | 40 | 32.5 | 37.5 | 30.0 | 51.3 | 48.7 | ||
| [119] | Turkey | Patients taking clozapine who did not develop agranulocytosis | 91 | 29.7 | 53.8 | 16.5 | 56.6 | 43.4 |
| Patients taking clozapine who developed agranulocytosis | 10 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | ||
| [120] | Turkey | Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer | 79 | 24.1 | 62.0 | 13.9 | 55.1 | 44.9 |
| [121] | Turkey | Healthy volunteers | 150 | NR | 52.3 | 47.7 | ||
| Patients with colorectal cancer | 103 | NR | 61.2 | 38.8 | ||||
ACS acute coronary syndrome, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AML acute myeloid leukemia, CAD coronary artery disease, CAG coronary angiography, CBZ carbamazepine, CML chronic myeloid leukemia, MACE major adverse cardiac event, NA not assessed, NR not reported, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, PHT phenytoin, RA rheumatoid arthritis