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. 2017 Oct 5;7:12715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13082-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA expression of APOBEC3 family members in liver biopsies of patients treated with IFN. (A) Meta analysis of transcription levels of APOBEC3 family members, in two studies reporting hepatitis C patients under IFN treatment^13,14. The top scaled color bar indicates the relative gene expression level, and the dark and light blue bars illustrate two groups of patients: under and before therapy. In the heatmap, each column contains the data from one patient, and each square shows the gene expression level in a specific individual. All changes had FDR(BH) <0.01 and p after Bonferroni correction <0.05. More details for all six genes are summarized in Supplementary Table 3. (B,C) Total RNA from liver biopsies of naïve- or IFN-α-treated CHB patients were extracted. After reverse transcription, mRNA expression levels of APOBEC3A, -B, -C, -D/E, -G (B), -F, and -H (C) were quantified and normalized to GAPDH mRNA. Student’s t test was used to compare the two groups. *P < 0.05; N.S. no significance.