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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014 Sep 19;49(11):1236–1243. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.910036

Table 2.

Chemical analysis of surface water samples following Ohio River flooding, Kentucky, 2011.

All Locations Carrollton Louisville Owensboro Paducah
Chemical May
(n = 15)		 July
(n = 8)		 May
(n = 3)		 July
(n = 2)		 May
(n = 5)		 July
(n = 2)		 May
(n = 2)		 July
(n = 2)		 May
(n = 5)		 July
(n = 2)
Nitrates (mg L−1)
  % above LOD (0.02 mg L−1) 93 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 100
  % above MCL (10 mg L−1)a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  GM (mg L−1) 0.29 0.48 0.37 0.91 0.25 0.87 0.64 0.33 0.21 0.20
Arsenic (mg L−1)**
  % above LOD (0.001 mg L−1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  % above MCL (0.010 mg L−1)a 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0
  GM 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.003
Barium (mg L−1)
  % above LOD (0.005 mg L−1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  % above MCL (2 mg L−1)a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  GM 0.103 0.103 0.063 0.099 0.103 0.105 0.078 0.120 0.153 0.089
Copper (mg L−1)**
  % above LOD (0.005 mg L−1) 100 62 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 50
  % above MCL (1.3 mg L−1)a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  GM 0.018 0.005 0.013 0.009 0.018 0.005 0.018 0.004 0.021 0.005
Iron (mg L−1)**
  % above LOD (0.01 mg L−1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  % above SMCL (0.3 mg L−1)b 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  GM 6.66 1.05 7.29 0.93 6.48 0.73 7.97 1.20 6.04 1.51
Lead (mg L−1)**
  % above LOD (0.001 mg L−1) 100 25 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 100
  % above MCL (0.015 mg L−1)a 13 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 20 0
  GM 0.005 <LOD 0.003 <LOD 0.007 <LOD 0.005 <LOD 0.006 0.001
Manganese (mg L−1)
  % above LOD (0.002 mg L−1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  % above SMCL (0.05)b 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  GM 0.374 0.190 0.714 0.109 0.312 0.081 0.145 0.346 0.446 0.425
Nickel (mg L−1)
  % above LOD (0.005 mg L−1) 80 88 67 100 100 100 100 100 60 50
  % above MCL (0.61 mg L−1)a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  GM 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.009 0.003 0.010 0.003 0.006 0.003
Zinc (mg /−1L)**
  % above LOD (0.01 mg L−1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
  % above SMCL (5.0 mg L−1)b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  GM 0.065 0.021 0.046 0.030 0.067 0.024 0.053 0.020 0.083 0.014
**

P value < 0.01 for linear regression comparing geometric mean levels between May and July, controlling for city

a

MCL = Maximum Contaminant Limit per US EPA regulations.

b

SMCL = Secondary Maximum Contaminant Limit per US EPA regulations.

GM = Geometric mean.