Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB). (A) An immunofluorescence assay was utilized to confirm the expression and localization of Pfs230 (or Pfs230C1) in fixed mature gametocytes. Primary antibodies of anti-Pfs230C1 (top) or antiadjuvant negative-control (bottom) purified IgGs were incubated with fixed parasites. The results of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, DNA staining with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and antibody (Ab) reactivity to the parasite with fluorescence-labeled anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody and a merged image of gametocytes are shown. (B) Western blot using anti-Pfs230C1 (left) or control (right) antisera. Lanes R, reducing conditions; lanes NR, nonreducing conditions. The Pfs230 band (expected molecular mass, 363 kDa) is indicated by the arrow.