Table 1.
Characteristics of orthopaedic fracture participants (n=232)
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) |
| Male, n (%) | 132 (56.9) |
| Age, y | 47.9 (17.7) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 155 (66.8) |
| Black | 62 (26.7) |
| Other | 8 (3.4) |
| Hispanic | 7 (3.0) |
| Primary orthopaedic injury, n (%) | |
| Lower extremity | 194 (83.6) |
| Upper extremity | 38 (16.4) |
| ASA,* n (%) | |
| 1 | 21 (9.1) |
| 2 | 117 (50.4) |
| 3 | 81 (34.9) |
| 4 | 11 (4.7) |
| Unknown | 2 (0.9) |
| Injury Severity Score | 11.7 (6.7) |
| Income, US$, n (%) | |
| <$10 000 | 46 (19.8) |
| $10 000–$19 999 | 20 (8.6) |
| $20 000–$34 999 | 35 (15.1) |
| $35 000–$49 999 | 24 (10.3) |
| $50 000–$74 999 | 26 (11.1) |
| $75 000–$100 000 | 24 (10.3) |
| >$100 000 | 35 (15.1) |
| Unknown | 22 (9.5) |
| Health insurance, n (%) | |
| Fully insured | 193 (83.1) |
| Partially insured | 12 (5.2) |
| Uninsured | 24 (10.3) |
| Unknown | 3 (1.3) |
| Timing of recruitment, n (%) | |
| Inpatient | 78 (33.6) |
| Outpatient | 154 (66.4) |
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system for assessing preoperative patient fitness.
*Injury Severity Score is a well-validated score that assesses trauma severity based on a consensus-derived severity score that classifies each injury from six body regions (head or neck, face, chest, abdomen, extremities and external). A score greater than 15 is commonly referred to as a major trauma (or polytrauma).