Table 1.
Author | Year | Country | Study design | Number of cases | Number of hospital units | Year of data collection | Population | Sampling | Type of CS analysed |
Stafford49 | 1990 | USA | Cross-sectional | 461 066 | Not reported | 1986 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Haas et al 53 | 1993 | USA | Cross-sectional | 57 257 | Not reported | 1984 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Haas et al 53 | 1993 | USA | Cross-sectional | 64 346 | Not reported | 1987 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Braveman et al 33 | 1995 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 213 761 | Unclear | 1991 | Primiparae; no previous CS; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Burns et al 34 | 1995 | USA | Cross-sectional | 33 233 | 36 | 1989 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Aron et al 35 | 2000 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 25 697 | 21 | 1993–1995 | Primiparae; no previous CS; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Grant36 | 2005 | USA | Cross-sectional | 9017 | n/a | 1988 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Random | Any |
Grant36 | 2005 | USA | Cross-sectional | 147 821 | n/a | 1992 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Grant36 | 2005 | USA | Cross-sectional | 136 763 | n/a | 1995 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Korst et al 37 | 2005 | USA | Cross-sectional | 327 632 | 288 | 1995 | Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk | Consecutive | Emergency |
Misra38 | 2008 | USA | Cross-sectional | 128 743 | Not reported | 1995, 2000 | Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk | Consecutive | Emergency |
Coonrod et al 26 | 2008 | USA | Cross-sectional | 28 863 | 40 | 2005 | Primiparae; low risk | Consecutive | Any |
Huesch27 | 2011 | USA | Cross-sectional | 182 108 | Not reported | 2004–2007 | Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; low risk | Consecutive | Planned |
Movsas et al 28 | 2012 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 617 269 | NA | 2004–2008 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Kozhimannil et al 31 | 2013 | USA | Cross-sectional | 6 717 486 | Over 1000 | 2002–2009 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Random | Any |
Lutomski et al 40 | 2014 | Ireland | Retrospective cohort | 403 642 | 19 | 2005–2010 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
Huesch et al 39 | 2014 | USA | Cross-sectional | 408 355 | 254 | 2010 | Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk | Consecutive | Planned |
Henke et al 29 | 2014 | USA | Cross-sectional | 2 516 570 | Not reported | 2009 | Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; low risk | Consecutive | Any |
Bannister-Tyrrell et al 41 | 2015 | Australia | Cross-sectional | 20 247 | 51 | 2007–2011 | Primiparae and multiparae; high risk | Consecutive | Any |
Sebastião et al 30 | 2016 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 412 192 | 122 | 2004–2011 | Primiparae; no previous CS; low risk | Consecutive | Emergency |
Sentell et al 42 | 2016 | USA | Cross-sectional | 11 419 | 4 | 2012 | Primiparae and multiparae; any risk | Consecutive | Any |
CS, caesarean section.