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. 2017 Aug 21;7(8):e016600. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016600

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Author Year Country Study design Number of cases Number of hospital units Year of data collection Population Sampling Type of CS analysed
Stafford49 1990 USA Cross-sectional 461 066 Not reported 1986 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Haas et al 53 1993 USA Cross-sectional 57 257 Not reported 1984 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Haas et al 53 1993 USA Cross-sectional 64 346 Not reported 1987 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Braveman et al 33 1995 USA Retrospective cohort 213 761 Unclear 1991 Primiparae; no previous CS; any risk Consecutive Any
Burns et al 34 1995 USA Cross-sectional 33 233 36 1989 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Aron et al 35 2000 USA Retrospective cohort 25 697 21 1993–1995 Primiparae; no previous CS; any risk Consecutive Any
Grant36 2005 USA Cross-sectional 9017 n/a 1988 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Random Any
Grant36 2005 USA Cross-sectional 147 821 n/a 1992 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Grant36 2005 USA Cross-sectional 136 763 n/a 1995 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Korst et al 37 2005 USA Cross-sectional 327 632 288 1995 Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk Consecutive Emergency
Misra38 2008 USA Cross-sectional 128 743 Not reported 1995, 2000 Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk Consecutive Emergency
Coonrod et al 26 2008 USA Cross-sectional 28 863 40 2005 Primiparae; low risk Consecutive Any
Huesch27 2011 USA Cross-sectional 182 108 Not reported 2004–2007 Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; low risk Consecutive Planned
Movsas et al 28 2012 USA Retrospective cohort 617 269 NA 2004–2008 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Kozhimannil et al 31 2013 USA Cross-sectional 6 717 486 Over 1000 2002–2009 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Random Any
Lutomski et al 40 2014 Ireland Retrospective cohort 403 642 19 2005–2010 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any
Huesch et al 39 2014 USA Cross-sectional 408 355 254 2010 Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; any risk Consecutive Planned
Henke et al 29 2014 USA Cross-sectional 2 516 570 Not reported 2009 Primiparae and multiparae; no previous CS; low risk Consecutive Any
Bannister-Tyrrell et al 41 2015 Australia Cross-sectional 20 247 51 2007–2011 Primiparae and multiparae; high risk Consecutive Any
Sebastião et al 30 2016 USA Retrospective cohort 412 192 122 2004–2011 Primiparae; no previous CS; low risk Consecutive Emergency
Sentell et al 42 2016 USA Cross-sectional 11 419 4 2012 Primiparae and multiparae; any risk Consecutive Any

CS, caesarean section.