Conceptual framework for understanding infants’ looking behavior from Oakes, L. M. (2015). A biopsychosocial perspective on looking behavior in infancy. In S.D. Calkins (Ed.), Handbook of infant biopsychosocial development (Vol. 38, pp. 38–70). New York: Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission of Guilford Press, and adapted from “Four-month-old infants’ visual investigation of cats and dogs: Relations with pet experience and attentional strategy” by K.A. Kovack-Lesh, B. McMurray, & L. M. Oakes, Developmental Psychology, volume 50 (2014).