Table 1.
50-Year Joslin Medalist Participants: Baseline Characteristics Overall and by Tertile of Diabetes Duration
| Characteristic | Overall: 50–85 y (n = 952) | Tertile 1: 50–51 y (n = 374) | Tertile 2: 52–55 y (n = 300) | Tertile 3: 56–85 y (n = 278) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deceased, % (n) | 12.9 (123) | 6.5 (24) | 10.1 (30) | 24.8 (69) | <0.001 |
| Men (%) | 45.7 | 41.4 | 47.3 | 49.6 | 0.09 |
| Age (y) | 65.8 ± 7.6 | 62.9 ± 6.7 | 64.7 ± 6.5 | 71.0 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis (y) | 11.2 ± 6.4 | 12.4 ± 6.6 | 11.4 ± 6.5 | 9.3 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Duration (y) | 54.7 ± 5.7 | 50.5 ± 0.5 | 53.2 ± 1.1 | 61.7 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Insulin dose/kg (unit/kg) | 0.46 ± 0.18 | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 0.47 ± 0.2 | 0.45 ± 0.18 | 0.38 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 0.49 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 54.9 ± 10.3 | 54.8 ± 10.6 | 54.7 ± 10.5 | 55.3 ± 9.6 | 0.49 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 0.04 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 0.09 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.21 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.52 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 4.7 | 26.6 ± 4.9 | 25.9 ± 4.5 | 25.9 ± 4.5 | 0.15 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 69.6 ± 20.3 | 74.0 ± 20.2 | 69.1 ± 19.9 | 64.2 ± 19.5 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 94.6 ± 46.7 | 88.8 ± 35.4 | 95.5 ± 41.8 | 101.4 ± 61.7 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/mmol) | 8.1 ± 41.8 | 9.1 ± 54.2 | 7.0 ± 39.5 | 8.0 ± 18.5 | <0.001 |
| CRP (nmol/L) | 18.0 ± 44.2 | 14.1 ± 34.8 | 20.8 ± 57.3 | 20.2 ± 38.5 | <0.001 |
| Insulin pump use (%) | 59.1 | 68.0 | 60.4 | 45.6 | <0.001 |
| Regular physical activity (%) | 79.5 | 81.4 | 80.2 | 76.3 | 0.28 |
| Check blood glucose > 5 times/d (%) | 56.6 | 61.5 | 57.8 | 48.7 | 0.005 |
| MNSI ≥ 2 (%) | 69.8 | 74.3 | 66.8 | 66.8 | 0.06 |
| Hypertension medication (%) | 64.4 | 63.3 | 62.2 | 68.4 | 0.26 |
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 69.6 | 73.0 | 66.7 | 68.2 | 0.18 |
| Detectable random C-peptide (>0.02 nmol/L) (%) | 34.3 | 33.8 | 33.6 | 35.6 | 0.85 |
| IA2+ or GAD65+ (%) | 43.4 | 47.6 | 43.7 | 37.7 | 0.06 |
| DR3+ or DR4+ (%) | 94.9 | 96.0 | 92.5 | 96.0 | 0.09 |
Values expressed with a plus/minus sign are the mean ± standard deviation. ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; DR, diabetic retinopathy; GAD65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IA2, insulinoma antigen; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.