Table 3. Multivariate analysis of overall and liver cancer cause specific survival.

Characteristic	OS HR (95% CI)	P	CSS HR (95% CI)	P
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.90 (0.88–0.93)	< 0.001	0.92 (0.89–0.95)	< 0.001
Age
≤ 60	Reference		Reference
> 60	1.22 (1.19–1.25)	< 0.001	1.23 (1.20–1.26)	< 0.001
Race
White	Reference		Reference
Black	1.10 (1.06–1.14)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.05–1.13)	< 0.001
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.84 (0.81–0.87)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.80–0.86)	< 0.001
American Indian /Alaska  Native	0.94 (0.84–1.04)	0.227	0.93 (0.83–1.04)	0.187
Unknown	0.62 (0.50–0.78)	< 0.001	0.59 (0.46–0.76)	< 0.001
Marital Status
Married	Reference		Reference
Divorced/Separated	1.08 (1.05–1.12)	< 0.001	1.07 (1.03–1.11)	0.001
Widowed	1.25 (1.20–1.30)	< 0.001	1.21 (1.16–1.26)	< 0.001
Single	1.13 (1.10–1.17)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.06–1.13)	< 0.001
Grade
High/ Moderate	Reference		Reference
Poor/Undifferentiation	1.50 (1.44–1.56)	< 0.001	1.55 (1.49–1.63)	< 0.001
Unknown	1.25 (1.21–1.28)	< 0.001	1.24 (1.20–1.28)	< 0.001
Histotype
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Reference		Reference
Cholangiocarcinoma	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	0.023	1.09 (1.05–1.13)	0.002
Combined	1.14 (1.00–1.29)	0.046	1.16 (1.02–1.33)	0.037
SEER Stage
Localized	Reference		Reference
Regional	1.69 (1.64–1.74)	< 0.001	1.82 (1.77–1.88)	< 0.001
Distant	2.72 (2.63–2.81)	< 0.001	3.03 (2.92–3.13)	< 0.001
Unknown	1.77 (1.69–1.84)	< 0.001	1.90 (1.81–1.98)	< 0.001
Therapy
Surgery , radiation or both	Reference		Reference
No surgery, radiation	2.56 (2.48–2.64)	< 0.001	2.65 (2.56–2.74)	< 0.001
Unknown	1.94 (1.76–2.13)	< 0.001	1.95 (1.76–2.16)	< 0.001

Abbreviations

OS, Overall survival; CSS, Cause-specific survival; HR, Hazard ratio; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results.