Table 1. Concentrations/contents of oxysterols in human plasma and tissues.
| Sterol | Disease status | Blood, μM | Tissue | Tissue content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4β-HC | Healthy[1-5] | 0.07 ± 0.02 - 0.191 ± 0.10 |
||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[3] | 0.20 ± 0.02 | |||
| 7α-HC | Healthy[1, 2, 4-8] | 0.03 - 0.62 | ||
| Obese[6] | 0.48 ± 0.00 | |||
| Hypercholesterolemia[7] | 0.10 ± 0.01 | |||
| Diabetes[7] | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |||
| 7-KC | Healthy[4-10] | 0.06 ± 0.00 - 5.0 | ||
| Obese[6] | 2.44 ± 0.01 | |||
| Hypercholesterolemia[7, 8, 11] | 0.06 ± 0.04 - 0.13 ± 0.02, 7.0 |
|||
| Diabetes[7] | 0.08 ± 0.10 | |||
| Cancers[12], a | 0.18 - 0.82 | |||
| Chronic hepatitis/ cirrhosis[13] | 0.023 ± 0.013 - 0.052 ± 0.025 |
normal liver | 0.24 ± 0.11μg/g liver (2.38 ± 1.41 ng/mg protein) | |
| cirrhosis liver | 0.29 ± 0.47μg/g liver (4.03 ± 6.81 ng/mg protein) | |||
| 25-HC | Healthy[1, 2, 5, 7] | <0.01 - 0.09 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia[7] | 0.00050 ± 0.00002 | |||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[3] | 0.14 ± 0.01 | |||
| Diabetes[7] | 0.00047 ± 0.00005 | |||
| 27-HC | Healthy[1-3, 7, 8, 14, 15] | 0.012 ± 0.001 - 0.38 ± 0.11, 0.22 - 0.60 |
benign normal breast | 0-1 ng/mg protein |
| Hypercholesterolemia[7] | 0.021 ± 0.001 | |||
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[3] | 0.62 ± 0.03 | |||
| Diabetes[7] | 0.025 ± 0.002 | |||
| Breast cancer[15] | ∼ 0.335b | normal breast | 0-8 ng/mg protein | |
| breast tumor | 0-18 ng/mg protein |
aSerum samples were from one rectum cancer, four lung cancer and one mesothelioma patients. References: [1]J. Lipid Res., 50:350-357, 2009; [2]J. Lipid Res., 36:2275-2281, 1995; [3]J. Gastroenterol., 47:1257-1266, 2012; [4]Physiol. Rev., 80:361-466; [5]J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.017, 2015; [6]J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93:4282-4289, 2008; [7]Lipids, 35, 333-338, 2000; [8]Anal. Biochem., 225:73-80, 1995; [9]Free Radic. Biol. Med., 42:698-705, 2007; [10] Free Radic. Biol. Med., 39:1152-1161, 2005; [11]Free Radic. Biol. Med., 17:397-409, 1994; [12]Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 140:245-258, 1983; [13]Liver Transpl., 11:1494-1504, 2005; [14]J. Lipid Res., 45:776-781, 2004; [15]Cell Rep., 5:637-645, 2013.