Table 1. Baseline characteristics of overall and propensity score-matched cohort of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients with preoperative non-chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease.
| Variables | Overall cohorts | Propensity score matched cohorts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non CKD (n = 342) |
CKD (n = 224) |
p value | Non CKD (n = 224) |
CKD (n = 224) |
p-value | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 68 (60-74) | 72 (66-77) | 0.001* | 71 (64-75) | 72 (66-77) | 0.051* |
| Gender (n, %) | ||||||
| Female | 87 (25.4) | 78 (34.8) | 0.016† | 68 (30.4) | 78 (34.8) | 0.364† |
| Male | 255 (74.6) | 146 (65.2) | 156 (69.6) | 146 (65.2) | ||
| BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 0.356* | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 0.756* |
| preoperative serum creatinine (mean ± SD, mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.001* | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.001* |
| Preoperative eGFR (mean ± SD, mL/min/1.73 m2) |
82.2 ± 18.9 | 46.9 ± 11.3 | 0.001* | 80.8 ± 19.3 | 46.9 ± 11.3 | 0.001* |
| DM | 72 (21.1) | 63 (28.1) | 0.056† | 55 (24.6) | 63 (28.1) | 0.453† |
| HTN | 121 (35.4) | 79 (35.3) | 0.978† | 83 (37.1) | 79 (35.3) | 0.768† |
| ECOG performance status (n, %) | ||||||
| 0 | 258 (75.4) | 141 (62.9) | 0.004† | 151 (67.4) | 141 (62.9) | 0.329† |
| 1 | 77 (22.5) | 69 (30.8) | 66 (29.5) | 69 (30.8) | ||
| 2 | 7 (2) | 13 (5.8) | 7 (3.1) | 13 (5.8) | ||
| 3 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Operation method (n, %) | ||||||
| Open | 80 (23.4) | 62 (27.7) | 0.250† | 53 (23.7) | 62 (27.7) | 0.387† |
| Laparoscopic | 262 (76.6) | 162 (72.3) | 171 (76.3) | 162 (72.3) | ||
| Tumor location (n, %) | ||||||
| Renal pelvis | 172 (50.3) | 86 (38.4) | 0.015† | 98 (43.8) | 86 (38.4) | 0.511† |
| Upper ureter | 42 (12.3) | 29 (12.9) | 31 (13.8) | 29 (12.9) | ||
| Mid ureter | 38 (11.1) | 42 (18.8) | 32 (14.3) | 42 (18.8) | ||
| Lower ureter | 90 (26.3) | 67 (29.9) | 63 (28.1) | 67 (29.9) | ||
| Hydronephrosis (n, %) | ||||||
| None | 131 (38.3) | 35 (15.6) | 0.001† | 51 (22.8) | 35 (15.6) | 0.273† |
| Mild | 88 (25.7) | 63 (28.1) | 55 (24.6) | 63 (28.1) | ||
| Moderate | 74 (21.6) | 72 (32.1) | 70 (31.3) | 72 (32.1) | ||
| Severe | 49 (14.3) | 54 (24.1) | 48 (21.4) | 54 (24.1) | ||
| Synchronous bladder tumor | ||||||
| No | 276 (80.7) | 179 (79.9) | 0.817† | 177 (79.0) | 179 (79.9) | 0.907† |
| Yes | 66 (19.3) | 45 (20.1) | 47 (21.0) | 45 (20.1) | ||
| Tumor size (mean ± SD, cm) | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 0.162* | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 0.162* |
| Multifocality (n, %) | ||||||
| No | 313 (91.5) | 204 (91.1) | 0.853† | 205 (91.5) | 204 (91.1) | 0.867† |
| Yes | 29 (8.5) | 20 (8.9) | 19 (8.5) | 20 (8.9) | ||
| Pathologic stage (n, %) | ||||||
| Tis, Ta | 62 (18.1) | 22 (9.8) | 0.099† | 33 (14.7) | 22 (9.8) | 0.595† |
| T1 | 77 (22.5) | 51 (22.8) | 52 (23.2) | 51 (22.8) | ||
| T2 | 78 (22.8) | 56 (25.0) | 54 (24.1) | 56 (25.0) | ||
| T3 | 114 (33.3) | 86 (38.4) | 77 (34.4) | 86 (38.4) | ||
| T4 | 11 (3.2) | 9 (4.0) | 8 (3.6) | 9 (4.0) | ||
| Pathologic grade (n, %) | ||||||
| Low | 127 (37.1) | 55 (22.8) | 0.001† | 81 (36.2) | 51 (22.8) | 0.003† |
| High | 215 (62.9) | 173 (77.2) | 143 (63.8) | 173 (77.2) | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion (n, %) | ||||||
| No | 286 (83.6) | 161 (71.9) | 0.001† | 188 (83.9) | 161 (71.9) | 0.003† |
| Yes | 56 (16.4) | 63 (28.1) | 36 (16.1) | 63 (28.1) | ||
| Concomitant CIS (n, %) | ||||||
| No | 307 (89.8) | 205 (91.5) | 0.559† | 204 (91.1) | 205 (91.5) | 0.867† |
| Yes | 35 (10.2) | 19 (8.5) | 20 (8.9) | 19 (8.5) | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy (n, %) | ||||||
| No | 226 (66.1) | 135 (60.3) | 0.159† | 148 (66.1) | 135 (60.3) | 0.203† |
| Yes | 116 (33.9) | 89 (39.7) | 76 (33.9) | 89 (39.7) | ||
| Recurrence (n, %) | 38 (11.1) | 54 (24.1) | 0.001† | 29 (12.9) | 54 (24.1) | 0.002† |
| Cancer death (n, %) | 30 (8.8) | 52 (23.2) | 0.001† | 19 (8.5) | 52 (23.2) | 0.001† |
| Death from any cause (n, %) | 69 (20.2) | 79 (35.3) | 0.001† | 46 (20.5) | 79 (35.3) | 0.001† |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM, diabetes mellitus; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CIS, carcinoma in situ
*Mann-Whitney U test
†Pearson chi-square test