Table 2. Univariable Cox regression analyses predicting recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall survival in propensity score-matched cohorts with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy.
| Variables | Recurrence-free survival | Cancer-specific survival | Overall survival | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age (continuous) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 0.857 | 1.01 (0.98-1.04) | 0.497 | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | 0.001 |
| Male (vs. Female) | 1.48 (0.91-2.44) | 0.116 | 1.38 (0.82-2.34) | 0.223 | 1.23 (0.83-1.82) | 0.296 |
| BMI (continuous) | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | 0.021 | 0.94 (0.87-1.01) | 0.104 | 0.91 (0.86-0.97) | 0.002 |
| DM | 0.96 (0.58-1.59) | 0.879 | 1.61 (0.99-2.59) | 0.052 | 1.19 (0.82-1.74) | 0.367 |
| HTN | 0.78 (0.49-1.25) | 0.313 | 0.83 (0.51-1.37) | 0.486 | 0.87 (0.59-1.26) | 0.464 |
| ECOG-PS 2-3 (vs. 0-1) | 1.31 (0.48-3.58) | 0.597 | 1.66 (0.61-4.57) | 0.324 | 2.18 (1.10-4.31) | 0.025 |
| Operation method | ||||||
| Laparoscopic (vs. open) | 1.05 (0.64-1.71) | 0.857 | 0.67 (0.41-1.08) | 0.100 | 1.03 (0.71-1.49) | 0.876 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Ureter (vs. renal pelvis) | 1.02 (0.65-1.59) | 0.921 | 0.84 (0.52-1.34) | 0.456 | 0.75 (0.65-1.35) | 0.746 |
| Hydronephrosis (vs. none) | 1.11 (0.64-1.94) | 0.710 | 0.96 (0.54-1.70) | 0.893 | 1.05 (0.68-1.63) | 0.829 |
| Synchronous bladder tumor | 1.09 (0.62-1.87) | 0.767 | 1.30 (0.69-2.03) | 0.346 | 1.03 (0.66-1.60) | 0.891 |
| Tumor size (continuous) | 1.07 (0.98-1.15) | 0.094 | 1.04 (0.94-1.14) | 0.496 | 1.06 (0.98-1.14) | 0.129 |
| Multifocality | 1.54 (0.74-3.20) | 0.246 | 1.65 (0.78-3.43) | 0.185 | 1.68 (0.94-2.98) | 0.079 |
| Pathologic stage T3-4 (vs. Tis, Ta, T1, T2) |
4.35 (2.24-8.42) | 0.001 | 3.67 (1.93-6.98) | 0.001 | 2.56 (1.66-3.95) | 0.001 |
| Pathologic grade | ||||||
| high grade (vs. low grade) | 3.70 (1.85-7.39) | 0.001 | 2.96 (1.51-5.78) | 0.002 | 2.03 (1.31-3.14) | 0.002 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 4.47 (2.90-6.88) | 0.001 | 3.22 (2.01-5.14) | 0.001 | 2.50 (1.73-3.62) | 0.001 |
| Concomitant CIS | 1.67 (0.86-3.23) | 0.132 | 1.88 (0.94-3.79) | 0.077 | 1.55 (0.85-2.82) | 0.150 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 3.30 (2.01-5.19) | 0.001 | 3.51 (2.14-5.74) | 0.001 | 2.54 (1.77-3.63) | 0.001 |
| CKD | 2.12 (1.35-3.34) | 0.001 | 2.76 (1.63-4.67) | 0.001 | 1.77 (1.23-2.56) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; CIS, carcinoma in situ; CKD, chronic kidney disease.