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. 2017 Oct 6;7:12771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12971-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hierarchical clustering dendrogram of 2,504 individuals based on OR loss-of-function (dRy, stop-gain or frameshift) fingerprint distances. Clustered pie charts showing the proportions of sub-populations containing the variants; radii are proportional to population; colours show 1000 Genome super-population composition. Loss-of-function variants are shown as positional changes given as wild-type residue, position and change, where * denotes stop-gains and fs denotes frameshifts (those labelled are dRy variants). Only variants enriched/depleted (log odds ≥ 0.6 or ≤ −0.6) in one 1000 Genomes super-population relative to the others are shown. Variants are shown in boxes together with known ligands for the receptors¹⁷ and arrows show if they are enriched (green) or depleted (red) in a particular super-population. The grey curve around the mostly African (yellow) clusters is for clarity; arrows touching this line indicate enrichment or depletion in all clusters.